Federal Independent Agencies
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Invention Challenge Brings Student Engineers to NASA JPL
PASADENA, California, Dec. 6 (TNSres) -- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory issued the following news:
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Invention Challenge Brings Student Engineers to NASA JPL
Now in its 26th year, the event brings teams of middle and high school students to the lab to compete with home-built contraptions.
Teenagers wielding power tools and plywood demonstrated their engineering prowess at the annual Invention Challenge at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California on Friday. Also in evidence: lots of small motors, 3D-printed gears, PVC pipe, and duct tape.
First held at JPL in 1998, the event
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PASADENA, California, Dec. 6 (TNSres) -- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory issued the following news:
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Invention Challenge Brings Student Engineers to NASA JPL
Now in its 26th year, the event brings teams of middle and high school students to the lab to compete with home-built contraptions.
Teenagers wielding power tools and plywood demonstrated their engineering prowess at the annual Invention Challenge at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California on Friday. Also in evidence: lots of small motors, 3D-printed gears, PVC pipe, and duct tape.
First held at JPL in 1998, the eventpits middle and high school teams against each other as they try to get handmade devices to accomplish a task that changes annually. For this year's challenge, dubbed the "Bucket Brigade Contest," teams needed to create devices capable of moving about 2 gallons (8 liters) of water from a holding reservoir into a bucket about 16 feet (5 meters) away in 60 seconds while satisfying a long list of rules.
In all, 18 teams of students from middle and high schools across Los Angeles and Orange counties competed. First place went to Arcadia High School's Team Still Water, which completed the task in just 6.45 seconds. Mission Viejo High's Team Senior Citizens was close behind, finishing in 6.71 seconds. The Samo Seals of Santa Monica High came in third, at 9.18 seconds.
Five teams from outside the area -- four from schools in Colorado and Massachusetts and one involving professional engineers -- were invited to compete as well. Of those, the team led by retired JPL engineer Alan DeVault's Team "Trial and Error Engineering" came in first (a repeat from last year). And "Team 6" from Pioneer Charter School of Science in the Boston area took second place (also a repeat performance from 2024). No team qualified for third place.
Judges named Team Clankers from Mission Viejo High most artistic, Team 6 from Pioneer Charter School of Science most unusual, and Team Winning Engineering Team (WET) from Temple City High most creative.
The event was supported by dozens of volunteers from JPL staff. JPL Fire Chief Dave Dollarhide, familiar with a bucket brigade, was a guest judge.
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Original text here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/invention-challenge-brings-student-engineers-to-nasa-jpl/
U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom Fact Sheet: Degrading Freedom of Religion or Belief Conditions in North Korea
WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom issued the following fact sheet:
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Degrading Freedom of Religion or Belief Conditions in North Korea
Introduction
In 2025, there have been no substantive indications that the government of North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK) has ceased to be one of the worst violators of freedom of religion or belief in the world. To the contrary, recent reports suggest that North Korea remains one of the most dangerous places in the world for individuals from all religious backgrounds, and particularly for
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WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom issued the following fact sheet:
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Degrading Freedom of Religion or Belief Conditions in North Korea
Introduction
In 2025, there have been no substantive indications that the government of North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK) has ceased to be one of the worst violators of freedom of religion or belief in the world. To the contrary, recent reports suggest that North Korea remains one of the most dangerous places in the world for individuals from all religious backgrounds, and particularly forChristians, with even more draconian punitive measures being state-directed against traditional Korean shamanistic practices since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
This report highlights religious freedom conditions in North Korea. USCIRF conducted a delegation to South Korea in 2024 to learn about religious freedom conditions in North Korea. The information obtained during the delegation confirmed that religious freedom remains virtually nonexistent in North Korea.
North Korean Law and International Obligations
The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea states that "[c]itizens have freedom of religious belief. This right is granted by approving the construction of religious buildings and holding of religious ceremonies. Religion must not be used as a pretext for drawing in foreign forces or for harming the State and social order." Witnesses report that religion is in fact treated as an anti-state crime and that individuals found to have engaged in and with religious activities face severe punishment. Religious proselytizers and practitioners are treated as a "hostile class" under North Korea's songbun social classification system, which is designed solely based on perceived loyalty to the Kim family regime. The North Korean state ideology, juche, places the Kim family at the center of all aspects of life, leaving no room for religious freedom.
North Korea is a party to international treaties in which freedom of religion or belief is protected, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. North Korea continues to not be a party to--among others--the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and to the International Convention on the Elimination on All Forms of Racial Discrimination despite committing to do so in response to recommendations from previous cycles of United Nations (UN) universal periodic reviews.
In September 2025, The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) released the "Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea," which states that "[o]ver the past 10 years, the Government continued to exercise total control over the population and severely restrict the enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms," that "[r]estrictions on religious activities have not softened over the past decade," and that "despite the isolated steps taken, the human rights situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has not improved overall since 2014 and, in many instances, has degraded." The report from the OHCHR was in response to UN Human Rights Council Resolution 55/21 (2024), which called for an update to the landmark UN Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (2014) and "condemned in the strongest terms the long-standing and ongoing systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations and other human rights abuses committed" in North Korea, including the "denial of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion."
Demographics of Religious Belief in North Korea
Estimates of the number of religious adherents in North Korea vary widely due to the severely limited access to reliable information on North Korea. By one estimate, there were up to 400,000 underground Christians in North Korea, including approximately 30,000 Christians estimated to be held in political prison camps. Among those imprisoned in North Korea for over a decade are three South Korean missionaries--Kim Jung-wook, Choi Chun-gil, and Kim Kook-kie. Based on its interviews over the past two decades with approximately 15,000 North Korean escapees resettled in Seoul, the Database Center for North Korean Human Rights (NKDB) reports that 99.6 percent of respondents confirm that religious activities are not tolerated in North Korea.
North Korean escapees have been the primary source of information on freedom of religion or belief conditions within North Korea. Documenting those conditions in North Korea has become more difficult since North Korea's COVID-19 lockdown and tightened security measures along the North Korea- China border. Though the number of North Korean escapees has increased from its lowest point during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still dramatically lower than the annual numbers of escapees before the pandemic. Civil society and escapees report that most North Koreans escape for economic reasons, and many of those most recent escapees reportedly do not have a basic understanding of religion or freedom of religion or belief.
China's Complicity in North Korean Religious Persecution
China plays a major role in the maintenance of the North Korean regime's repression of religion. China has ramped up security measures, including using facial, gait, and voice recognition technologies to identify North Korean defectors within China's borders who are attempting to flee through China to other countries, particularly to South Korea. China continues to repatriate North Korean refugees despite the risk of "arbitrary detention, torture, ill-treatment, enforced disappearance and sexual and gender-based violence." Due to the decades-long severity of religious persecution within North Korea, escape through China is, in more recent years, the first time that North Koreans encounter religious organizations and Christian missionaries.
North Korean escapees report that after North Koreans are repatriated from China to North Korea, one of the first questions they are asked by North Korean authorities is whether they met with a missionary during their time in China. Escapees who admit to or are found to have met with a missionary, particularly Christian missionaries, are subjected to the harshest forms of torture and imprisonment in North Korean political prison camps.
The OHCHR states: " Under international human rights law, the principle of non-refoulement guarantees that no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and other irreparable harm. This principle applies to all migrants at all times, irrespective of migration status."
While other countries, including Vietnam, Laos, and Mongolia, have breached this principle by also repatriating North Korean escapees, no country has been more complicit than China, particularly for North Koreans encountering religious groups, especially Christians, while escaping North Korea through China. Chinese authorities are reported to be using their enhanced surveillance tools to map networks within China supporting North Korean refugees, which includes religious organizations, and to inform North Korean authorities of repatriated escapees' encounters with religious groups and contacts.
Persecution of Religious Belief in North Korea
The North Korean regime treats Christians as "counterrevolutionaries" and "traitors," as it considers Christianity an especially dangerous foreign-linked influence with Western values. Such values present political and ideological challenges to Kim family control that the regime believes have the potential to inspire resistance. Those engaging in Christian practices, even possessing a Bible, face harsh punishments, including torture, forced labor, imprisonment, or execution by firing squad.
The North Korean regime implements a guilt-byassociation (yeon-jwa-je) punitive system in which up to three generations of family members face punishment and political imprisonment for the alleged crimes of one family member, such as for practicing religion or participating in religious acts. Fear of repercussions for multiple generations of family members has led to North Korean families discontinuing religious practices, including hiding the fact that family members had been Christians.
While Christians face the harshest punishments, other religious practices are repressed in a similar manner across generations. A recent North Korean escapee described how family members had been punished for the grandmother's Buddhist beliefs and forced to move from Pyongyang to a remote coastal area.
As a result of this systematic, egregious, ongoing assault on religious freedom by the Kim regime in North Korea, organized religions, such as Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, and Buddhism, have almost disappeared from North Korea. Yet increasingly bleak economic conditions in North Korea have reportedly driven North Koreans to seek out shamans and fortune-tellers, whose practices are deeply rooted in Korean cultural traditions.
Whereas "religion" is protected on paper by North Korean law, traditional indigenous religious practices were considered "superstitious activity" and criminalized as "unsocialist behaviors." Shamanist practices had previously resulted in less harsh punishments in North Korea than for those caught practicing or encountering organized religion, particularly Christianity.
North Korea has since enacted new laws, such as the Reactionary Ideology and Cultural Rejection Act in 2020, to inflict harsher punishments on--among others-- shamanistic practices, which are considered in opposition to, or separate from, the authority of the Kim regime. The September 2025 OHCHR report includes a 2018 instance of a man sentenced to life imprisonment for carrying out the shamanistic practice of identifying a burial site for religious purposes.
There have been indications that the Kim regime's ideological controls may be weakening within North Korea. However, the COVID-19 pandemic provided the North Korean government the opportunity to close its borders and to enact more draconian laws and punishments in attempts to reassert control over the North Korean population. There are reports of a rise in public executions within the last few years, and North Korean youth have increasingly been the targets of the new laws and punishments.
Conclusion
The government of North Korea continues to be among the worst violators of freedom of religion or belief in the world. All forms of religious practice, and particularly Christianity, risk punishments by the North Korean regime that UN bodies describe as "systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations" and "crimes against humanity." Decades of religious repression by the Kim regime have led to the near elimination of organized religion in North Korea.
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Original text here: https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2025-12/2025%20North%20Korea%20Country%20Update%20%28003%29.pdf
National Archives to Loan Historic Documents to Presidential Libraries Across the Country, to Support America's 250th Birthday Exhibitions
WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- The National Archives and Records Administration issued the following news release:
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National Archives to loan historic documents to Presidential Libraries across the country, to support America's 250th birthday exhibitions
The National Archives and Records Administration announced that it will temporarily move over 30 remarkable documents, records and artifacts from storage vaults in Washington, DC and loan them to support exhibitions at America's Presidential Libraries that celebrate the Semiquincentennial in 2026.
This effort takes the National Archives' ongoing
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WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- The National Archives and Records Administration issued the following news release:
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National Archives to loan historic documents to Presidential Libraries across the country, to support America's 250th birthday exhibitions
The National Archives and Records Administration announced that it will temporarily move over 30 remarkable documents, records and artifacts from storage vaults in Washington, DC and loan them to support exhibitions at America's Presidential Libraries that celebrate the Semiquincentennial in 2026.
This effort takes the National Archives' ongoingexhibition series "Opening the Vault " to a national audience, and will provide Presidential Library visitors with special and exceptionally rare opportunities to get up close to important records that have shaped our nation.
The documents going on display will differ at each Presidential Library, offering visitors distinct and different experiences at each museum exhibition. Documents were selected by the National Archives' Office of Presidential Libraries in partnership with nonprofit Presidential Foundations.
Featured documents that will cross the country for display include:
* Thomas Edison's Patent Application for the Light Bulb, 1880
* Statue of Liberty's Deed of Gift from the People of France, 1884
* 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that ended slavery, 1865
* FDR's handwritten "date which will live in infamy" speech draft, 1941
* Document officializing the surrender of Germany in World War II, 1945
* Letter from Jackie Robinson to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1958
The following Presidential Libraries are hosting exhibitions to celebrate America250 that will include many of these historic documents in 2026. The Presidential Libraries are:
* Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum in Independence, Missouri
* Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum in Abilene, Kansas
* John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts
* Lyndon Johnson Presidential Library and Museum in Austin, Texas
* Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California
* Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan
* Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum in Simi Valley, California
* George Bush Presidential Library and Museum in College Station, Texas
* William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum in Little Rock, Arkansas
* George W. Bush Library and George W. Bush Presidential Center in Dallas, Texas
More information about each Presidential Library's exhibition --including opening dates and lists of documents that will be featured for display-- will be announced shortly at archives.gov .
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Original text here: https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2025/nr25-14
National Academies and Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences Partner on Precision Medicine Workshops
WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine issued the following news release:
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National Academies and Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences Partner on Precision Medicine Workshops
Emerging technologies such as genomics, AI, and data-driven medicine are rapidly transforming health care systems and patient outcomes across the globe. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in collaboration with the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS), hosted a recent workshop on precision medicine. Held in Washington,
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WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine issued the following news release:
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National Academies and Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences Partner on Precision Medicine Workshops
Emerging technologies such as genomics, AI, and data-driven medicine are rapidly transforming health care systems and patient outcomes across the globe. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in collaboration with the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS), hosted a recent workshop on precision medicine. Held in Washington,D.C., the workshop is part of a series that aims to promote knowledge exchange and collaboration between the U.S. and Kuwait on recent advancements in the field.
"This collaboration between the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is a model of how science diplomacy can serve humanity," said Sheikha Al-Zain Al-Sabah, ambassador of the State of Kuwait to the United States, during her opening remarks.
Attendees heard from expert panels, met for breakout sessions, and participated in roundtable discussions to explore new frontiers in translational precision medicine. Researchers also made time for networking between sessions, and during an evening reception, Victor Dzau, president of the National Academy of Medicine, addressed attendees and celebrated the continued collaboration and network building between the U.S. and the Gulf region.
"Such workshops can lead all who participate to have actionable insights about how to move forward and spark new collaborations in the process," said Joshua Sharfstein of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and a member of the National Academy of Medicine.
This most recent workshop built on the momentum of the inaugural workshop in February 2025, hosted by KFAS in Kuwait City. That first meeting brought together researchers from Kuwait, the United States, and across the region to explore cutting-edge advances in point-of-care technologies, increasing impact of AI on precision medicine, and emerging insights into chronic metabolic diseases. Participants also discussed ways to strengthen collaboration between the two nations and other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council.
"This workshop proved that science has no borders," said Dari Alhuwail of Kuwait University. "It did more than just share knowledge -- it constructed vital bridges between scientific communities, fostering a shared understanding that is essential for addressing complex global challenges."
This workshop series is part of an ongoing, broader partnership between the National Academies and KFAS to explore topics in science, engineering, and medicine that are important to both countries. Previously, the two institutions collaborated on a workshop series on improving the inclusion of women in science, engineering, and medicine. KFAS also sponsored two Arab-American Frontiers symposia in 2011 and 2018.
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Original text here: https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/national-academies-and-kuwait-foundation-for-the-advancement-of-sciences-partner-on-precision-medicine-workshops
NASA Completes Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Construction
PASADENA, California, Dec. 5 (TNSres) -- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory issued the following news:
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NASA Completes Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Construction
Set to launch by May 2027, the spacecraft will study mysteries of the cosmos while also testing the Coronagraph Instrument, a new technology designed and built by JPL.
NASA's next big eye on the cosmos is now fully assembled. On Nov. 25, technicians joined the inner and outer portions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in the largest clean room at the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
"Completing
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PASADENA, California, Dec. 5 (TNSres) -- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory issued the following news:
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NASA Completes Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Construction
Set to launch by May 2027, the spacecraft will study mysteries of the cosmos while also testing the Coronagraph Instrument, a new technology designed and built by JPL.
NASA's next big eye on the cosmos is now fully assembled. On Nov. 25, technicians joined the inner and outer portions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in the largest clean room at the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
"Completingthe Roman observatory brings us to a defining moment for the agency," said NASA Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya. "Transformative science depends on disciplined engineering, and this team has delivered -- piece by piece, test by test -- an observatory that will expand our understanding of the universe. As Roman moves into its final stage of testing following integration, we are focused on executing with precision and preparing for a successful launch on behalf of the global scientific community."
After final testing, Roman will move to the launch site at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida for launch preparations in summer 2026. Roman is slated to launch by May 2027, but the team is on track for launch as early as fall 2026. A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket will send the observatory to its final destination a million miles from Earth.
"With Roman's construction complete, we are poised at the brink of unfathomable scientific discovery," said Julie McEnery, Roman's senior project scientist at NASA Goddard. "In the mission's first five years, it's expected to unveil more than 100,000 distant worlds, hundreds of millions of stars, and billions of galaxies. We stand to learn a tremendous amount of new information about the universe very rapidly after Roman launches."
Observing from space will make Roman very sensitive to infrared light -- light with a longer wavelength than our eyes can see -- from far across the cosmos. Pairing its crisp infrared vision with a sweeping view of space will allow astronomers to explore myriad cosmic topics, from dark matter and dark energy to distant worlds and solitary black holes, and conduct research that would take hundreds of years using other telescopes.
"Within our lifetimes, a great mystery has arisen about the cosmos: why the expansion of the universe seems to be accelerating. There is something fundamental about space and time we don't yet understand, and Roman was built to discover what it is," said Nicky Fox, associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters in Washington. "With Roman now standing as a complete observatory, which keeps the mission on track for a potentially early launch, we are a major step closer to understanding the universe as never before. I couldn't be prouder of the teams that have gotten us to this point."
Double vision
Roman is equipped with two instruments: the Wide Field Instrument and the Coronagraph Instrument technology demonstration.
The coronagraph will demonstrate new technologies for directly imaging planets around other stars. It will block the glare from distant stars and make it easier for scientists to see the faint light from planets in orbit around them. The coronagraph aims to photograph worlds and dusty disks around nearby stars in visible light to help us see giant worlds that are older, colder, and in closer orbits than the hot, young super-Jupiters direct imaging has mainly revealed so far.
"The question of 'Are we alone?' is a big one, and it's an equally big task to build tools that can help us answer it," said Feng Zhao, the Roman Coronagraph Instrument manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "The Roman Coronagraph is going to bring us one step closer to that goal. It's incredible that we have the opportunity to test this hardware in space on such a powerful observatory as Roman."
The coronagraph team will conduct a series of pre-planned observations for three months spread across the mission's first year and a half of operations, after which the mission may conduct additional observations based on scientific-community input.
The Wide Field Instrument is a 288-megapixel camera that will unveil the cosmos all the way from our solar system to near the edge of the observable universe. Using this instrument, each Roman image will capture a patch of the sky bigger than the apparent size of a full Moon. The mission will gather data hundreds of times faster than NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, adding up to 20,000 terabytes (20 petabytes) over the course of its five-year primary mission.
"The sheer volume of the data Roman will return is mind-boggling and key to a host of exciting investigations," said Dominic Benford, Roman's program scientist at NASA Headquarters.
Survey trifecta
Using the Wide Field Instrument, Roman will conduct three core surveys that will account for 75% of the primary mission. The High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey will combine the powers of imaging and spectroscopy to unveil more than a billion galaxies strewn across a wide swath of space and time. Astronomers will trace the evolution of the universe to probe dark matter -- invisible matter detectable only by how its gravity affects things we can see -- and trace the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters over time.
The High-Latitude Time-Domain Survey will probe our dynamic universe by observing the same region of the cosmos repeatedly. Stitching these observations together to create movies will allow scientists to study how celestial objects and phenomena change over time periods of days to years. That will help astronomers study dark energy -- the mysterious cosmic pressure thought to accelerate the universe's expansion -- and could even uncover entirely new phenomena that we don't yet know to look for.
Roman's Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey will look inward to provide one of the deepest views ever of the heart of our Milky Way galaxy. Astronomers will watch hundreds of millions of stars in search of microlensing signals -- gravitational boosts of a background star's light caused by the gravity of an intervening object. While astronomers have mainly discovered star-hugging worlds, Roman's microlensing observations can find planets in the habitable zone of their star and farther out, including worlds like every planet in our solar system except Mercury. Microlensing will also reveal rogue planets -- worlds that roam the galaxy untethered to a star -- and isolated black holes. The same dataset will reveal 100,000 worlds that transit, or pass in front of, their host stars.
The remaining 25% of Roman's five-year primary mission will be dedicated to other observations that will be determined with input from the broader scientific community. The first such program, called the Galactic Plane Survey, has already been selected.
Because Roman's observations will enable such a wide range of science, the mission will have a General Investigator Program designed to support astronomers to reveal scientific discoveries using Roman data. As part of NASA's commitment to Gold Standard Science, NASA will make all of Roman's data publicly available with no exclusive use period. This ensures multiple scientists and teams can use data at the same time, which is important since every Roman observation will address a wealth of science cases.
Roman's namesake -- Dr. Nancy Grace Roman, NASA's first chief astronomer -- made it her personal mission to make cosmic vistas readily accessible to all by paving the way for telescopes based in space.
"The mission will acquire enormous quantities of astronomical imagery that will permit scientists to make groundbreaking discoveries for decades to come, honoring Dr. Roman's legacy in promoting scientific tools for the broader community," said Jackie Townsend, Roman's deputy project manager at NASA Goddard. "I like to think Dr. Roman would be extremely proud of her namesake telescope and thrilled to see what mysteries it will uncover in the coming years."
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is managed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, with participation by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California; Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California; the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore; and a science team comprising scientists from various research institutions. The primary industrial partners are BAE Systems Inc. in Boulder, Colorado; L3Harris Technologies in Rochester, New York; and Teledyne Scientific & Imaging in Thousand Oaks, California.
To learn about the Roman Space Telescope, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/roman
Written by Ashley Balzer, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
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Original text here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-completes-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope-construction/
Fourth Quarter 2025 Dividend
DALLAS, Texas, Dec. 5 -- The Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, a district bank in the Federal Home Loan Bank System, issued the following news release:
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Fourth Quarter 2025 Dividend
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* Bulletin No: 2025-37
The Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (Bank) has declared dividends in the form of capital stock on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock for the fourth quarter of 2025.
The annualized dividend rate on Class B-1 Stock (membership and excess stock) is 4.43 percent, which equates to the average overnight SOFR rate for the third quarter of 2025 plus 0.1 percent.
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DALLAS, Texas, Dec. 5 -- The Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, a district bank in the Federal Home Loan Bank System, issued the following news release:
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Fourth Quarter 2025 Dividend
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* Bulletin No: 2025-37
The Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (Bank) has declared dividends in the form of capital stock on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock for the fourth quarter of 2025.
The annualized dividend rate on Class B-1 Stock (membership and excess stock) is 4.43 percent, which equates to the average overnight SOFR rate for the third quarter of 2025 plus 0.1 percent.This dividend rate is within the Bank's current target range for dividends on Class B-1 Stock, which is an annualized rate that approximates the average overnight SOFR rate plus 0 - 0.5 percent.
The annualized dividend rate on Class B-2 Stock (activity-based stock) is 5.43 percent, which equates to the average overnight SOFR rate for the third quarter of 2025 plus 1.1 percent. This dividend rate is within the Bank's current target range for dividends on Class B-2 Stock, which is an annualized rate that approximates the average overnight SOFR rate plus 1.0 - 1.5 percent.
The annualized dividend rates of 4.43 percent and 5.43 percent will be applied to members' average balances of Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, which were held during the period from July 1, 2025 through September 30, 2025. The fourth quarter dividends on Class B-1 and Class B-2 Stock will be paid on Tuesday, December 23, 2025 in the form of Class B-1 Stock with any fractional shares paid in cash.
If you have any questions, please call Member Services at 844.345.2265.
Sincerely,
Sanjay K. Bhasin
President and Chief Executive Officer
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Original text here: https://www.fhlb.com/library/bulletins/2025/fourth-quarter-2025-dividend
Costa Rica and the IDB Lead Regional Dialogue on the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Government
WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- The Inter-American Development Bank issued the following news release:
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Costa Rica and the IDB Lead Regional Dialogue on the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Government
Delegations from more than twenty countries analyze regulatory frameworks, governance, and the impact of technological change on state modernization.
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SAN JOSE - Costa Rica is positioning itself as a benchmark for the digital agenda in Latin America and the Caribbean by hosting, on December 4 and 5, the first Regional Public Policy Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence, an event organized
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WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 -- The Inter-American Development Bank issued the following news release:
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Costa Rica and the IDB Lead Regional Dialogue on the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Government
Delegations from more than twenty countries analyze regulatory frameworks, governance, and the impact of technological change on state modernization.
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SAN JOSE - Costa Rica is positioning itself as a benchmark for the digital agenda in Latin America and the Caribbean by hosting, on December 4 and 5, the first Regional Public Policy Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence, an event organizedby the Government of Costa Rica and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).
Authorities from more than twenty countries, along with international experts, academics, and business leaders, are participating in a high-level forum to discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming public management and what frameworks are needed to ensure its safe, ethical use aligned with citizen well-being.
The goal of the meeting is to advance a regional roadmap for the responsible adoption of AI in the public sector, focusing on transparency, ethical data use, and reducing structural gaps.
Delegations are working in technical groups organized by subregions--Southern Cone, Andean Region, Central America, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and the Caribbean--to align priorities, share lessons learned, and define joint actions.
For Costa Rica, leading this regional dialogue is an opportunity to reaffirm that artificial intelligence must always serve people. In line with MICITT's National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, we promote AI that modernizes the State, fosters local development, strengthens transparency, and reduces gaps--all within solid governance frameworks and a shared ethical vision. This space allows us to move forward with our sister countries on a common roadmap for responsible, safe, and citizen-oriented use, said Paula Bogantes Zamora, Minister of Science, Innovation, Technology, and Telecommunications.
AI as an Opportunity to Modernize the State
During the meeting, participants analyze concrete AI applications in areas such as health, justice, public safety, and administrative services, as well as the risks associated with its use in public environments. The IDB and partner organizations--such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), IDB Lab (the innovation and venture capital arm of the IDB Group), and ALETI--present international experiences, regulatory criteria, and tools to strengthen algorithmic governance in the region.
Artificial intelligence is already improving the lives of thousands of people in Latin America and the Caribbean. It can reduce wait times in public services, support medical diagnoses, and simplify procedures that used to take hours. That's why regional spaces like this are so important: they allow us to learn from each other, align standards, and ensure technology is used to reduce inequalities and improve social well-being. For the IDB, the priority is that AI be adopted responsibly, protecting rights and strengthening the State's capacity to better serve its people, said Francisco Javier Urra, IDB Group Representative in Costa Rica.
A Space That Sets the Course for the Region
The Regional Dialogue reinforces countries' interest in consolidating adaptive, evidence-based public policies for incorporating AI into state management. The event highlights the importance of Latin America moving forward in a coordinated way toward common standards that enable innovation, rights protection, and institutional strengthening.
Our countries face the challenge of serving a growing population with increasing needs and limited financial resources. The more than 100 AI projects supported by the IDB Group show that AI increases public officials' productivity, improves the quality of services citizens receive, and enhances transparency in public management. That's why we will stand alongside all Latin American and Caribbean countries that want to implement AI policies and initiatives that strengthen our region's human capital, said Emilio Pineda, Manager of Institutions for Development at the IDB.
The discussion continues throughout the day with technical sessions, presentations from various organizations, and meetings among authorities responsible for national AI strategies.
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About the IDB
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), a member of the IDB Group, is devoted to improving lives across Latin America and the Caribbean. Founded in 1959, the Bank works with the region's public sector to design and enable impactful, innovative solutions for sustainable and inclusive development. Leveraging financing, technical expertise, and knowledge, it promotes grow and well-being in 26 countries. Visit our website: https://www.iadb.org/en
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Original text here: https://www.iadb.org/en/news/costa-rica-and-idb-lead-regional-dialogue-challenges-artificial-intelligence-government
