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President Trump Issues Proclamation on Imposing Additional Duties to Offset Canadian Discrimination Against Commerce of U.S. With Respect to Motor Vehicles
WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026:
* * *
IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO MOTOR VEHICLES
1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States.
2. Canada, through discrimination against or an unreasonable ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026: * * * IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO MOTOR VEHICLES 1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States. 2. Canada, through discrimination against or an unreasonableand unequal imposition on U.S. auto and auto parts exports, burdens U.S. commerce but not the commerce of other countries and disadvantages U.S. commerce compared to the commerce of other countries. Specifically, Canada imposed a tariff system on only U.S. motor vehicles and treats the commerce of foreign countries more favorably than commerce of the United States with respect to motor vehicles, as defined in Canada's United States Surtax Order (Motor Vehicles 2025), SOR/2025-118. By denying to the commerce of the United States the benefits afforded to like commerce from other countries, Canada discriminates against U.S. commerce, disadvantaging the commerce of the United States compared to the commerce of other countries. And Canada's imposition on U.S. motor vehicles is unreasonable, is not equally applied upon the like articles of every foreign country, and places a burden on the commerce of the United States but not on the commerce of other countries.
3. Since April 9, 2025, Canada has maintained a 25 percent tariff rate on imports of U.S. motor vehicles that do not qualify for preferential, duty-free treatment under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). For U.S. motor vehicles that do qualify for preferential, duty-free treatment under the USMCA, Canada applies a 25 percent tariff rate on the value of all goods that do not originate in Canada or Mexico used in the production of the vehicle, up to 85 percent of the total value of the vehicle. In addition, Canada maintains a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) on U.S. motor vehicles that qualify for preferential, duty-free treatment under the USMCA. The TRQ for each automaker limits duty-free access for the covered motor vehicles from that automaker up to certain annual quantities (in-quota quantities) and applies the tariffs described above on products that exceed the in-quota quantities. The TRQs are granted to induce companies to invest in production in Canada, and Canada has announced that it reduced the TRQs for U.S. companies that moved manufacturing from Canada to the United States. Canada does not publicly disclose the company-specific, in-quota quantities, but it has published these new tariff rates in Customs Notice 25-15: United States Surtax Order (Motor Vehicles 2025).
4. The United States, U.S. businesses and workers, and U.S. commerce suffer from Canada's discriminatory, unequal, and unreasonable tariff scheme. Following the implementation of the tariff scheme, U.S. exports of motor vehicles to Canada fell precipitously. Comparing the period from April 2025 through March 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, imports of U.S. motor vehicles to Canada decreased by approximately 22 percent (from approximately $25.9 billion to approximately $20.3 billion).
5. Canada only applies the tariff scheme to U.S.-origin motor vehicles. The tariff scheme does not apply to the motor vehicles of any other country. Indeed, exports of motor vehicles from other countries to Canada have increased to meet the demand previously filled by U.S. exports. For example, comparing the period from April 2025 through February 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, Canadian imports of Mexican motor vehicles increased by approximately 23.6 percent, and imports from Japan, Korea, and Germany increased by rates ranging from approximately 10.1 percent to approximately 13.5 percent. In total, Canadian imports of motor vehicles from countries other than the United States increased by approximately $2.85 billion over the same period, with Mexico accounting for almost $2 billion of the increase.
6. Accordingly, pursuant to section 338, I find as a fact that Canada is discriminating against the commerce of the United States through Canada's motor vehicle tariff scheme. I also find as a fact that this discrimination places the commerce of the United States at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of other countries. And I find as fact that Canada's imposition is unreasonable, is not equally enforced upon the like articles of every foreign country, and places a burden on the commerce of the United States.
7. Further, I find that imposing additional ad valorem duties on certain products of Canada to address the burden or disadvantage from this discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition is in the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States. When U.S. producers are unfairly denied export opportunities by Canada's motor vehicle tariffs and TRQs, they lose revenues that support production in the United States, among other things. This suppresses U.S. industrial output, as well as investment, and thereby undermines employment and economic vitality in American communities. Imposing additional duties on certain products of Canada will, among other things, expand opportunities for U.S. producers to compete within the U.S. market, enhancing American production and bringing attendant economic and societal benefits, and may spur Canada to remove the discrimination against U.S. motor vehicles.
8. Accordingly, I find that it is necessary and appropriate and in the public interest to impose an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent on certain products of Canada, as identified in Annex II to this proclamation, effective as of 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026. I determine that the additional ad valorem duties imposed in this proclamation, as described below, will offset the burden or disadvantage on U.S. commerce from Canada's discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition. In my judgment, the action in this proclamation is consistent with the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States.
9. Section 338 authorizes the President, if he determines it will serve the public interest, to offset any burden or disadvantage placed on the commerce of the United States by an unequal imposition or discrimination by a foreign country by specifying and declaring additional duties not to exceed 50 percent ad valorem (or its equivalent) and not to take effect earlier than 30 days after the President's proclamation finding that a foreign country imposes an unreasonable charge, exaction, regulation, or limitation that is not equally enforced on the like articles of every foreign country, or discriminates in fact against U.S. commerce in a way that places the commerce of the United States at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of any foreign country. Section 338 also authorizes the President to suspend, revoke, supplement, or amend any proclamation under section 338 whenever the President deems that the public interests require such action. Further, section 338 authorizes the President to exclude articles of the foreign country if the foreign country maintains or increases the discrimination against the commerce of the United States and the President deems the exclusion to be consistent with the public interests and the interests of the United States.
10. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 338; section 301 of title 3, United States Code; and section 604, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, certain products of Canada, as set forth in Annex II to this proclamation, imported into the United States shall be subject to an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent, effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation and in Annex I to this proclamation, the duties imposed in this proclamation are in addition to any other duties, taxes, fees, exactions, and charges applicable to such products. The duties imposed in this proclamation shall not apply to articles subject to duties pursuant to section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), or articles, excluding unmanned aircraft, subject to the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft.
(3) The HTSUS is modified as provided in Annex II to this proclamation, effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026, and the modifications shall continue in effect, unless this action is expressly reduced, modified, or terminated.
(4) Any product subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation, except those eligible for admission under "domestic status" as described in 19 CFR 146.43, that is subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation and that is admitted into a United States foreign trade zone on or after the effective date of this proclamation must be admitted as "privileged foreign status" as described in 19 CFR 146.41, and will be subject upon entry for consumption to any ad valorem rate of duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading.
(5) The head of each executive department and agency (agency) is authorized to and shall take all appropriate measures within the agency's authority to implement this proclamation. The head of each agency may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.
(6) The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, is authorized to issue such rules, regulations, guidance, instructions, or determinations as may be necessary to implement this proclamation and is authorized to take any necessary measures to administer the duties imposed in this proclamation.
(7) The Commissioner of CBP, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission, and any other senior official he deems appropriate, shall determine whether any additional modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this proclamation and shall make such modifications to the HTSUS through notice in the Federal Register, including any technical correction to the annexes to this proclamation.
(8) For any rule or regulation the Commissioner of CBP makes to implement this proclamation, the Commissioner of CBP shall, to the extent required by law, obtain the approval of the President or the United States Trade Representative. The United States Trade Representative is delegated the President's approval authority in 19 U.S.C. 1338(h).
(9) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.
ANNEX I (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ANNEX-I-3.pdf)
ANNEX II (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Annex-II-2.pdf)
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/imposing-additional-duties-to-offset-canadian-discrimination-against-the-commerce-of-the-united-states-with-respect-to-motor-vehicles/
* * *
IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO MOTOR VEHICLES
1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States.
2. Canada, through discrimination against or an unreasonable ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026: * * * IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO MOTOR VEHICLES 1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States. 2. Canada, through discrimination against or an unreasonableand unequal imposition on U.S. auto and auto parts exports, burdens U.S. commerce but not the commerce of other countries and disadvantages U.S. commerce compared to the commerce of other countries. Specifically, Canada imposed a tariff system on only U.S. motor vehicles and treats the commerce of foreign countries more favorably than commerce of the United States with respect to motor vehicles, as defined in Canada's United States Surtax Order (Motor Vehicles 2025), SOR/2025-118. By denying to the commerce of the United States the benefits afforded to like commerce from other countries, Canada discriminates against U.S. commerce, disadvantaging the commerce of the United States compared to the commerce of other countries. And Canada's imposition on U.S. motor vehicles is unreasonable, is not equally applied upon the like articles of every foreign country, and places a burden on the commerce of the United States but not on the commerce of other countries.
3. Since April 9, 2025, Canada has maintained a 25 percent tariff rate on imports of U.S. motor vehicles that do not qualify for preferential, duty-free treatment under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). For U.S. motor vehicles that do qualify for preferential, duty-free treatment under the USMCA, Canada applies a 25 percent tariff rate on the value of all goods that do not originate in Canada or Mexico used in the production of the vehicle, up to 85 percent of the total value of the vehicle. In addition, Canada maintains a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) on U.S. motor vehicles that qualify for preferential, duty-free treatment under the USMCA. The TRQ for each automaker limits duty-free access for the covered motor vehicles from that automaker up to certain annual quantities (in-quota quantities) and applies the tariffs described above on products that exceed the in-quota quantities. The TRQs are granted to induce companies to invest in production in Canada, and Canada has announced that it reduced the TRQs for U.S. companies that moved manufacturing from Canada to the United States. Canada does not publicly disclose the company-specific, in-quota quantities, but it has published these new tariff rates in Customs Notice 25-15: United States Surtax Order (Motor Vehicles 2025).
4. The United States, U.S. businesses and workers, and U.S. commerce suffer from Canada's discriminatory, unequal, and unreasonable tariff scheme. Following the implementation of the tariff scheme, U.S. exports of motor vehicles to Canada fell precipitously. Comparing the period from April 2025 through March 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, imports of U.S. motor vehicles to Canada decreased by approximately 22 percent (from approximately $25.9 billion to approximately $20.3 billion).
5. Canada only applies the tariff scheme to U.S.-origin motor vehicles. The tariff scheme does not apply to the motor vehicles of any other country. Indeed, exports of motor vehicles from other countries to Canada have increased to meet the demand previously filled by U.S. exports. For example, comparing the period from April 2025 through February 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, Canadian imports of Mexican motor vehicles increased by approximately 23.6 percent, and imports from Japan, Korea, and Germany increased by rates ranging from approximately 10.1 percent to approximately 13.5 percent. In total, Canadian imports of motor vehicles from countries other than the United States increased by approximately $2.85 billion over the same period, with Mexico accounting for almost $2 billion of the increase.
6. Accordingly, pursuant to section 338, I find as a fact that Canada is discriminating against the commerce of the United States through Canada's motor vehicle tariff scheme. I also find as a fact that this discrimination places the commerce of the United States at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of other countries. And I find as fact that Canada's imposition is unreasonable, is not equally enforced upon the like articles of every foreign country, and places a burden on the commerce of the United States.
7. Further, I find that imposing additional ad valorem duties on certain products of Canada to address the burden or disadvantage from this discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition is in the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States. When U.S. producers are unfairly denied export opportunities by Canada's motor vehicle tariffs and TRQs, they lose revenues that support production in the United States, among other things. This suppresses U.S. industrial output, as well as investment, and thereby undermines employment and economic vitality in American communities. Imposing additional duties on certain products of Canada will, among other things, expand opportunities for U.S. producers to compete within the U.S. market, enhancing American production and bringing attendant economic and societal benefits, and may spur Canada to remove the discrimination against U.S. motor vehicles.
8. Accordingly, I find that it is necessary and appropriate and in the public interest to impose an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent on certain products of Canada, as identified in Annex II to this proclamation, effective as of 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026. I determine that the additional ad valorem duties imposed in this proclamation, as described below, will offset the burden or disadvantage on U.S. commerce from Canada's discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition. In my judgment, the action in this proclamation is consistent with the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States.
9. Section 338 authorizes the President, if he determines it will serve the public interest, to offset any burden or disadvantage placed on the commerce of the United States by an unequal imposition or discrimination by a foreign country by specifying and declaring additional duties not to exceed 50 percent ad valorem (or its equivalent) and not to take effect earlier than 30 days after the President's proclamation finding that a foreign country imposes an unreasonable charge, exaction, regulation, or limitation that is not equally enforced on the like articles of every foreign country, or discriminates in fact against U.S. commerce in a way that places the commerce of the United States at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of any foreign country. Section 338 also authorizes the President to suspend, revoke, supplement, or amend any proclamation under section 338 whenever the President deems that the public interests require such action. Further, section 338 authorizes the President to exclude articles of the foreign country if the foreign country maintains or increases the discrimination against the commerce of the United States and the President deems the exclusion to be consistent with the public interests and the interests of the United States.
10. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 338; section 301 of title 3, United States Code; and section 604, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, certain products of Canada, as set forth in Annex II to this proclamation, imported into the United States shall be subject to an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent, effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation and in Annex I to this proclamation, the duties imposed in this proclamation are in addition to any other duties, taxes, fees, exactions, and charges applicable to such products. The duties imposed in this proclamation shall not apply to articles subject to duties pursuant to section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), or articles, excluding unmanned aircraft, subject to the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft.
(3) The HTSUS is modified as provided in Annex II to this proclamation, effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026, and the modifications shall continue in effect, unless this action is expressly reduced, modified, or terminated.
(4) Any product subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation, except those eligible for admission under "domestic status" as described in 19 CFR 146.43, that is subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation and that is admitted into a United States foreign trade zone on or after the effective date of this proclamation must be admitted as "privileged foreign status" as described in 19 CFR 146.41, and will be subject upon entry for consumption to any ad valorem rate of duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading.
(5) The head of each executive department and agency (agency) is authorized to and shall take all appropriate measures within the agency's authority to implement this proclamation. The head of each agency may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.
(6) The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, is authorized to issue such rules, regulations, guidance, instructions, or determinations as may be necessary to implement this proclamation and is authorized to take any necessary measures to administer the duties imposed in this proclamation.
(7) The Commissioner of CBP, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission, and any other senior official he deems appropriate, shall determine whether any additional modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this proclamation and shall make such modifications to the HTSUS through notice in the Federal Register, including any technical correction to the annexes to this proclamation.
(8) For any rule or regulation the Commissioner of CBP makes to implement this proclamation, the Commissioner of CBP shall, to the extent required by law, obtain the approval of the President or the United States Trade Representative. The United States Trade Representative is delegated the President's approval authority in 19 U.S.C. 1338(h).
(9) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.
ANNEX I (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ANNEX-I-3.pdf)
ANNEX II (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Annex-II-2.pdf)
DONALD J. TRUMP
* * *
Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/imposing-additional-duties-to-offset-canadian-discrimination-against-the-commerce-of-the-united-states-with-respect-to-motor-vehicles/
President Trump Issues Proclamation on Imposing Additional Duties to Offset Canadian Discrimination Against Commerce of U.S. With Respect to Alcoholic Beverages
WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026:
* * *
IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States.
2. Canada, through discrimination or an unreasonable ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026: * * * IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States. 2. Canada, through discrimination or an unreasonableand unequal imposition, burdens U.S. commerce but not the commerce of other countries and disadvantages U.S. commerce compared to the commerce of other countries. Specifically, Canada unreasonably burdens and disadvantages U.S. alcoholic beverages but not alcoholic beverages of other countries.
3. The provinces and territories of Canada generally regulate the distribution and sale of distilled spirits, wine, beer, and other alcoholic beverages (collectively, alcoholic beverages) in their respective jurisdictions. All provinces and territories control the wholesale of alcoholic beverages, and most have a hybrid public/private system for the retail of alcoholic beverages.
4. Beginning in March 2025, all Canadian provinces and territories halted the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages. For example, on March 4, 2025, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) ceased purchasing all U.S. products and canceled existing orders where contractually possible; removed all U.S. products from wholesale product catalogues and retail eCommerce sites; and removed all U.S. products from LCBO retail stores and outlets. Similarly, on March 4, 2025, the province of Quebec asked the Societe des Alcools du Quebec to remove all U.S. products from its shelves and to stop supplying U.S. alcoholic beverages to grocery stores, liquor stores, bars, and restaurants. Only the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan subsequently lifted their bans on the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages, in June 2025.
5. The United States, U.S. businesses and workers, and U.S. commerce suffer from the Canadian provinces' and territories' unreasonable and unequal impositions and discriminations with respect to U.S. alcoholic beverages. Following the implementation of the bans, U.S. exports of alcoholic beverages to Canada fell precipitously. Comparing the period from March 2025 through February 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, Canadian imports of U.S. alcoholic beverages decreased by approximately 81 percent (from approximately $718 million to approximately $137 million).
6. The Canadian provinces and territories have not instituted or maintained similar bans or restrictions on any other country since March 2025, thereby benefitting other countries at the expense of the United States. Indeed, exports of alcoholic beverages from other countries to Canada have increased to meet the demand previously filled by U.S. exports. For example, comparing March 2025 through February 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, Canadian imports of alcoholic beverages from Chile, Japan, Argentina, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia significantly increased, with increases ranging from approximately 13 percent to approximately 26 percent. Despite a nearly 12 percent decline in total imports of alcoholic beverages into Canada, imports into Canada from countries other than the United States increased by over $170 million from March 2025 through February 2026 compared to the same period in 2024-2025, with imports into Canada from the European Union accounting for over $100 million of this increase.
7. Accordingly, pursuant to section 338, I find as a fact that through the regulation, restriction, or prohibition of U.S. alcoholic beverages, Canada has imposed an unreasonable regulation or limitation on articles wholly or in part the growth or products of the United States and is discriminating in fact against the commerce of the United States in such manner as to place it at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of other countries, by banning the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages while not banning or similarly restricting such products from other countries. I also find as a fact that this unequal and unreasonable imposition or discrimination places a burden on the commerce of the United States and places a disadvantage on the commerce of the United States.
8. Further, I find that imposing additional ad valorem duties on certain products of Canada to address the burden or disadvantage from this discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition is in the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States. When U.S. producers are unfairly denied export opportunities, as they are in Canada due to Canadian provinces' and territories' bans on the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages, they lose sales that support production in the United States, among other harms to the U.S. alcoholic beverage industry. The unreasonable, unequal, and discriminatory actions by Canada suppress U.S. manufacturing and agricultural output, as well as investment, undermining employment and economic vitality in American communities. Imposing additional duties on certain products of Canada will, among other things, expand opportunities for U.S. producers to compete within the U.S. market, revitalizing U.S. production and bringing attendant economic and societal benefits, and may spur Canada to remove the unreasonable and unequal imposition on and discrimination against commerce in U.S. alcoholic beverages.
9. Accordingly, I find that it is necessary and appropriate and in the public interest to impose an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent on certain products of Canada, as identified in Annex II to this proclamation, effective as of 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026. I determine that the additional ad valorem duties imposed in this proclamation, as described below, will offset the burden or disadvantage on U.S. commerce from Canada's discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition. In my judgment, the action in this proclamation is consistent with the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States.
10. Section 338 authorizes the President, if he determines it will serve the public interest, to offset any burden or disadvantage placed on the commerce of the United States by an unequal imposition or discrimination by a foreign country by specifying and declaring additional duties not to exceed 50 percent ad valorem (or its equivalent) and not to take effect earlier than 30 days after the President's proclamation finding that a foreign country imposes an unreasonable charge, exaction, regulation, or limitation that is not equally enforced on the like articles of every foreign country, or discriminates in fact against U.S. commerce in a way that places the commerce of the United States at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of any foreign country. Section 338 also authorizes the President to suspend, revoke, supplement, or amend any proclamation under section 338 whenever the President deems that the public interests require such action. Further, section 338 authorizes the President to exclude articles of the foreign country if the foreign country maintains or increases the discrimination against the commerce of the United States and the President deems the exclusion to be consistent with the public interests and the interests of the United States.
11. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 338; section 301 of title 3, United States Code; and section 604, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, certain products of Canada, as set forth in Annex II to this proclamation, imported into the United States shall be subject to an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent, effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation and in Annex I to this proclamation, the duties imposed in this proclamation are in addition to any other duties, taxes, fees, exactions, and charges applicable to such products. The duties imposed in this proclamation shall not apply to articles subject to duties pursuant to section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), or articles, excluding unmanned aircraft, subject to the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft.
(3) The HTSUS is modified as provided in Annex II to this proclamation, effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026, and the modifications shall continue in effect, unless this action is expressly reduced, modified, or terminated.
(4) Any product subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation, except those eligible for admission under "domestic status" as described in 19 CFR 146.43, that is subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation and that is admitted into a United States foreign trade zone on or after the effective date of this proclamation must be admitted as "privileged foreign status" as described in 19 CFR 146.41, and will be subject upon entry for consumption to any ad valorem rate of duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading.
(5) The head of each executive department and agency (agency) is authorized to and shall take all appropriate measures within the agency's authority to implement this proclamation. The head of each agency may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.
(6) The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, is authorized to issue such rules, regulations, guidance, instructions, or determinations as may be necessary to implement this proclamation and is authorized to take any necessary measures to administer the duties imposed in this proclamation.
(7) The Commissioner of CBP, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission, and any other senior official he deems appropriate, shall determine whether any additional modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this proclamation and shall make such modifications to the HTSUS through notice in the Federal Register, including any technical correction to the annexes to this proclamation.
(8) For any rule or regulation the Commissioner of CBP makes to implement this proclamation, the Commissioner of CBP shall, to the extent required by law, obtain the approval of the President or the United States Trade Representative. The United States Trade Representative is delegated the President's approval authority in 19 U.S.C. 1338(h).
(9) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.
ANNEX I (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ANNEX-I-2.pdf)
ANNEX II (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Annex-II-1.pdf)
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/imposing-additional-duties-to-offset-canadian-discrimination-against-the-commerce-of-the-united-states-with-respect-to-alcoholic-beverages/
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IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States.
2. Canada, through discrimination or an unreasonable ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026: * * * IMPOSING ADDITIONAL DUTIES TO OFFSET CANADIAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 1. Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1338) (section 338) empowers the President to, among other things, impose duties on imports of a foreign country to offset the burden or disadvantage from a foreign country's discrimination against or unequal imposition on the commerce of the United States. 2. Canada, through discrimination or an unreasonableand unequal imposition, burdens U.S. commerce but not the commerce of other countries and disadvantages U.S. commerce compared to the commerce of other countries. Specifically, Canada unreasonably burdens and disadvantages U.S. alcoholic beverages but not alcoholic beverages of other countries.
3. The provinces and territories of Canada generally regulate the distribution and sale of distilled spirits, wine, beer, and other alcoholic beverages (collectively, alcoholic beverages) in their respective jurisdictions. All provinces and territories control the wholesale of alcoholic beverages, and most have a hybrid public/private system for the retail of alcoholic beverages.
4. Beginning in March 2025, all Canadian provinces and territories halted the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages. For example, on March 4, 2025, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) ceased purchasing all U.S. products and canceled existing orders where contractually possible; removed all U.S. products from wholesale product catalogues and retail eCommerce sites; and removed all U.S. products from LCBO retail stores and outlets. Similarly, on March 4, 2025, the province of Quebec asked the Societe des Alcools du Quebec to remove all U.S. products from its shelves and to stop supplying U.S. alcoholic beverages to grocery stores, liquor stores, bars, and restaurants. Only the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan subsequently lifted their bans on the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages, in June 2025.
5. The United States, U.S. businesses and workers, and U.S. commerce suffer from the Canadian provinces' and territories' unreasonable and unequal impositions and discriminations with respect to U.S. alcoholic beverages. Following the implementation of the bans, U.S. exports of alcoholic beverages to Canada fell precipitously. Comparing the period from March 2025 through February 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, Canadian imports of U.S. alcoholic beverages decreased by approximately 81 percent (from approximately $718 million to approximately $137 million).
6. The Canadian provinces and territories have not instituted or maintained similar bans or restrictions on any other country since March 2025, thereby benefitting other countries at the expense of the United States. Indeed, exports of alcoholic beverages from other countries to Canada have increased to meet the demand previously filled by U.S. exports. For example, comparing March 2025 through February 2026 to the same period in 2024-2025, Canadian imports of alcoholic beverages from Chile, Japan, Argentina, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia significantly increased, with increases ranging from approximately 13 percent to approximately 26 percent. Despite a nearly 12 percent decline in total imports of alcoholic beverages into Canada, imports into Canada from countries other than the United States increased by over $170 million from March 2025 through February 2026 compared to the same period in 2024-2025, with imports into Canada from the European Union accounting for over $100 million of this increase.
7. Accordingly, pursuant to section 338, I find as a fact that through the regulation, restriction, or prohibition of U.S. alcoholic beverages, Canada has imposed an unreasonable regulation or limitation on articles wholly or in part the growth or products of the United States and is discriminating in fact against the commerce of the United States in such manner as to place it at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of other countries, by banning the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages while not banning or similarly restricting such products from other countries. I also find as a fact that this unequal and unreasonable imposition or discrimination places a burden on the commerce of the United States and places a disadvantage on the commerce of the United States.
8. Further, I find that imposing additional ad valorem duties on certain products of Canada to address the burden or disadvantage from this discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition is in the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States. When U.S. producers are unfairly denied export opportunities, as they are in Canada due to Canadian provinces' and territories' bans on the purchase, distribution, or retailing of U.S. alcoholic beverages, they lose sales that support production in the United States, among other harms to the U.S. alcoholic beverage industry. The unreasonable, unequal, and discriminatory actions by Canada suppress U.S. manufacturing and agricultural output, as well as investment, undermining employment and economic vitality in American communities. Imposing additional duties on certain products of Canada will, among other things, expand opportunities for U.S. producers to compete within the U.S. market, revitalizing U.S. production and bringing attendant economic and societal benefits, and may spur Canada to remove the unreasonable and unequal imposition on and discrimination against commerce in U.S. alcoholic beverages.
9. Accordingly, I find that it is necessary and appropriate and in the public interest to impose an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent on certain products of Canada, as identified in Annex II to this proclamation, effective as of 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026. I determine that the additional ad valorem duties imposed in this proclamation, as described below, will offset the burden or disadvantage on U.S. commerce from Canada's discrimination or unequal and unreasonable imposition. In my judgment, the action in this proclamation is consistent with the public interest, will serve the public interest, and is consistent with the interests of the United States.
10. Section 338 authorizes the President, if he determines it will serve the public interest, to offset any burden or disadvantage placed on the commerce of the United States by an unequal imposition or discrimination by a foreign country by specifying and declaring additional duties not to exceed 50 percent ad valorem (or its equivalent) and not to take effect earlier than 30 days after the President's proclamation finding that a foreign country imposes an unreasonable charge, exaction, regulation, or limitation that is not equally enforced on the like articles of every foreign country, or discriminates in fact against U.S. commerce in a way that places the commerce of the United States at a disadvantage compared to the commerce of any foreign country. Section 338 also authorizes the President to suspend, revoke, supplement, or amend any proclamation under section 338 whenever the President deems that the public interests require such action. Further, section 338 authorizes the President to exclude articles of the foreign country if the foreign country maintains or increases the discrimination against the commerce of the United States and the President deems the exclusion to be consistent with the public interests and the interests of the United States.
11. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 338; section 301 of title 3, United States Code; and section 604, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, certain products of Canada, as set forth in Annex II to this proclamation, imported into the United States shall be subject to an additional ad valorem duty of 50 percent, effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation and in Annex I to this proclamation, the duties imposed in this proclamation are in addition to any other duties, taxes, fees, exactions, and charges applicable to such products. The duties imposed in this proclamation shall not apply to articles subject to duties pursuant to section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), or articles, excluding unmanned aircraft, subject to the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft.
(3) The HTSUS is modified as provided in Annex II to this proclamation, effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on August 19, 2026, and the modifications shall continue in effect, unless this action is expressly reduced, modified, or terminated.
(4) Any product subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation, except those eligible for admission under "domestic status" as described in 19 CFR 146.43, that is subject to the duties imposed in this proclamation and that is admitted into a United States foreign trade zone on or after the effective date of this proclamation must be admitted as "privileged foreign status" as described in 19 CFR 146.41, and will be subject upon entry for consumption to any ad valorem rate of duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading.
(5) The head of each executive department and agency (agency) is authorized to and shall take all appropriate measures within the agency's authority to implement this proclamation. The head of each agency may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.
(6) The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, is authorized to issue such rules, regulations, guidance, instructions, or determinations as may be necessary to implement this proclamation and is authorized to take any necessary measures to administer the duties imposed in this proclamation.
(7) The Commissioner of CBP, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission, and any other senior official he deems appropriate, shall determine whether any additional modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this proclamation and shall make such modifications to the HTSUS through notice in the Federal Register, including any technical correction to the annexes to this proclamation.
(8) For any rule or regulation the Commissioner of CBP makes to implement this proclamation, the Commissioner of CBP shall, to the extent required by law, obtain the approval of the President or the United States Trade Representative. The United States Trade Representative is delegated the President's approval authority in 19 U.S.C. 1338(h).
(9) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.
ANNEX I (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ANNEX-I-2.pdf)
ANNEX II (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Annex-II-1.pdf)
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/imposing-additional-duties-to-offset-canadian-discrimination-against-the-commerce-of-the-united-states-with-respect-to-alcoholic-beverages/
President Trump Issues Proclamation on Further Strengthening Actions Taken to Adjust Imports of Aluminum Into U.S.
WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026:
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FURTHER STRENGTHENING ACTIONS TAKEN TO ADJUST IMPORTS OF ALUMINUM INTO THE UNITED STATES
1. In Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), as amended, I found, under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232), that aluminum is being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States. To address the national security ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026: * * * FURTHER STRENGTHENING ACTIONS TAKEN TO ADJUST IMPORTS OF ALUMINUM INTO THE UNITED STATES 1. In Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), as amended, I found, under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232), that aluminum is being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States. To address the national securitythreat found in Proclamation 9704, I established a tariff regime, which included imposing ad valorem duties on certain imports of aluminum articles and its derivative articles. In subsequent proclamations, including Proclamation 11021 of April 2, 2026 (Strengthening Actions Taken To Adjust Imports of Aluminum, Steel, and Copper Into the United States), and Proclamation 11032 of June 1, 2026 (Further Adjusting the Tariff Regimes for Imports of Aluminum, Steel, and Copper Into the United States), I modified the tariff regime for aluminum to more effectively address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
2. In those proclamations, I directed the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to monitor the effects of imports of aluminum with respect to the national security, to update me on the status of that threat to the national security, and to provide me with recommendations if circumstances indicated the need for further Presidential action under section 232.
3. Based on the Secretary's monitoring, I have received information, opinions, and recommendations from the Secretary regarding the tariff regime imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended, and the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
4. Among other things, the Secretary has informed me that the additional ad valorem duties on imports of aluminum are strengthening the American aluminum industries and addressing the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704. In the Secretary's opinion, domestic aluminum production and related domestic aluminum industry would not be as strong as they are if not for the aluminum tariff regime imposed under section 232, and the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704 would be worse than it is if not for the aluminum tariff regime imposed under section 232.
5. The Secretary has informed and advised me of his opinion that, despite the benefits from the aluminum tariff regime, the domestic production and supply of primary aluminum, which is critical to the U.S. economy and defense industrial base, is still in insufficient supply. In the Secretary's view, it is important to modify the aluminum tariff regime in a way to more effectively encourage increased domestic production of primary aluminum.
6. To ensure that the aluminum tariff regime continues to effectively address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704, the Secretary recommended that I establish an incentive for companies to engage in building new facilities capable of producing primary aluminum, expanding facilities to become capable of producing primary aluminum, or refurbishing outdated facilities that produce primary aluminum to expand their production or increase the efficiency of production. The Secretary recommended that I do this by allowing those companies or their designated representatives to import a quantity of primary aluminum corresponding to the reasonably anticipated annual production of primary aluminum from the new project at a reduced tariff rate. This would build on the program established for certain aluminum and steel from Canada and Mexico in clause 13 of Proclamation 10984 of October 17, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Parts, and Buses Into the United States).
7. After considering the current information, opinions, and recommendations newly provided by the Secretary; the factors in section 232 (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)); the need to address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704; and other relevant factors and information, I have determined that it is necessary and appropriate to modify the tariff regime for imports of aluminum imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended. In particular, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to establish an investment incentive program for companies investing in new U.S. production capacity for primary aluminum, as further detailed below. In my judgment, the modifications in this proclamation will ensure that the tariff regime imposed on imports of aluminum continue to effectively address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
8. Section 232 authorizes the President to adjust the imports of an article and its derivatives that are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security.
9. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 232, section 604, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) The Secretary is authorized to and shall establish a program to incentivize new investment in U.S. production facilities to produce primary aluminum.
(a) The Secretary is authorized to solicit and accept onshoring plans from companies. Any onshoring plan shall at least include: a commitment, if the plan is approved, to build, refurbish, or expand a facility in the United States that will produce primary aluminum; a commitment that construction will start by January 20, 2029; and any other relevant information and analysis, including requirements set by the Secretary.
(b) The Secretary is authorized to approve onshoring plans described in subclause (a) of this clause. In determining whether an onshoring plan qualifies for approval, the Secretary, in consultation with any senior executive branch officials the Secretary deems appropriate, shall consider all relevant factors he deems appropriate, such as the anticipated start date of construction, whether the proposed plan's project timeline is commercially reasonable, whether the proposed plan's project milestones are commercially reasonable, the anticipated annual production of primary aluminum from the onshoring project, whether the proposed plan's anticipated costs and primary-aluminum production projections are reasonable, and how the benefits of the reduced tariff rate will be allocated between the applicants of the onshoring plan. When approving onshoring plans, the Secretary shall act in a manner consistent with the need to address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
(c) If the Secretary approves a company's onshoring plan, the Secretary shall allow the company to annually import primary aluminum of a quantity that corresponds to the U.S. production facility's reasonably anticipated annual output of primary aluminum when the onshoring project is completed, at half the section 232 rate of duty otherwise in effect. Tariff adjustments awarded for facility refurbishment shall only be granted to the extent those adjustments correspond with the value of the company's investment.
(d) The Secretary is authorized to take all actions that he deems appropriate to implement and effectuate this program, including, consistent with applicable law, the issuance of regulations, rules, guidance, and procedures. All approved onshoring plans shall be subject to monitoring and enforcement by the Secretary. The Secretary may require that companies with approved onshoring plans submit reports to the Department of Commerce to ensure compliance with domestic manufacturing commitments, and he may require that such reports be audited, including by external auditing firms. Should the Secretary determine that a company is substantially failing to meet its agreed-upon commitments that are the basis for granting the tariff benefits detailed in this proclamation, the Secretary is authorized to cease and rescind the tariff benefits awarded pursuant to this proclamation. In cases where the executive branch assesses that a company engaged in fraud or deliberately misled the United States Government with respect to onshoring commitments, the rescission of tariff benefits can be retroactive to the extent permitted by law, and the Secretary or the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection may collect the additional tariffs owed because of the retroactive rescission of the tariff benefits and impose any appropriate fines or penalties to the extent consistent with applicable law.
(2) The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission, and any other senior official the Secretary deems appropriate, shall determine whether any modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate or implement this proclamation or any actions taken pursuant to this proclamation, and shall make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register.
(3) The Secretary shall continue to monitor imports of aluminum and its derivatives. The Secretary shall, from time to time, review the status of aluminum and its derivative imports with respect to the national security. The Secretary shall inform me of any circumstances that, in his opinion, might indicate the need for further Presidential action under section 232. The Secretary shall also inform me of any circumstance that, in his opinion, might indicate that any of the actions taken under section 232 are no longer necessary.
(4) To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security are directed and authorized to take all actions that are appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation and any actions contemplated by this proclamation -- including through amendment of regulations or through notices in the Federal Register and by adopting rules, regulations, or guidance -- and to employ all powers granted to the President, including by section 232, as may be appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation, including to make any technical or ministerial corrections to any annexes to this proclamation. The head of each executive department and agency (agency) may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.
(5) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
(6) If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision of this proclamation to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individual or circumstance shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/further-strengthening-actions-taken-to-adjust-imports-of-aluminum-into-the-united-states/
* * *
FURTHER STRENGTHENING ACTIONS TAKEN TO ADJUST IMPORTS OF ALUMINUM INTO THE UNITED STATES
1. In Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), as amended, I found, under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232), that aluminum is being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States. To address the national security ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following proclamation on July 20, 2026: * * * FURTHER STRENGTHENING ACTIONS TAKEN TO ADJUST IMPORTS OF ALUMINUM INTO THE UNITED STATES 1. In Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), as amended, I found, under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232), that aluminum is being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States. To address the national securitythreat found in Proclamation 9704, I established a tariff regime, which included imposing ad valorem duties on certain imports of aluminum articles and its derivative articles. In subsequent proclamations, including Proclamation 11021 of April 2, 2026 (Strengthening Actions Taken To Adjust Imports of Aluminum, Steel, and Copper Into the United States), and Proclamation 11032 of June 1, 2026 (Further Adjusting the Tariff Regimes for Imports of Aluminum, Steel, and Copper Into the United States), I modified the tariff regime for aluminum to more effectively address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
2. In those proclamations, I directed the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to monitor the effects of imports of aluminum with respect to the national security, to update me on the status of that threat to the national security, and to provide me with recommendations if circumstances indicated the need for further Presidential action under section 232.
3. Based on the Secretary's monitoring, I have received information, opinions, and recommendations from the Secretary regarding the tariff regime imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended, and the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
4. Among other things, the Secretary has informed me that the additional ad valorem duties on imports of aluminum are strengthening the American aluminum industries and addressing the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704. In the Secretary's opinion, domestic aluminum production and related domestic aluminum industry would not be as strong as they are if not for the aluminum tariff regime imposed under section 232, and the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704 would be worse than it is if not for the aluminum tariff regime imposed under section 232.
5. The Secretary has informed and advised me of his opinion that, despite the benefits from the aluminum tariff regime, the domestic production and supply of primary aluminum, which is critical to the U.S. economy and defense industrial base, is still in insufficient supply. In the Secretary's view, it is important to modify the aluminum tariff regime in a way to more effectively encourage increased domestic production of primary aluminum.
6. To ensure that the aluminum tariff regime continues to effectively address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704, the Secretary recommended that I establish an incentive for companies to engage in building new facilities capable of producing primary aluminum, expanding facilities to become capable of producing primary aluminum, or refurbishing outdated facilities that produce primary aluminum to expand their production or increase the efficiency of production. The Secretary recommended that I do this by allowing those companies or their designated representatives to import a quantity of primary aluminum corresponding to the reasonably anticipated annual production of primary aluminum from the new project at a reduced tariff rate. This would build on the program established for certain aluminum and steel from Canada and Mexico in clause 13 of Proclamation 10984 of October 17, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Parts, and Buses Into the United States).
7. After considering the current information, opinions, and recommendations newly provided by the Secretary; the factors in section 232 (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)); the need to address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704; and other relevant factors and information, I have determined that it is necessary and appropriate to modify the tariff regime for imports of aluminum imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended. In particular, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to establish an investment incentive program for companies investing in new U.S. production capacity for primary aluminum, as further detailed below. In my judgment, the modifications in this proclamation will ensure that the tariff regime imposed on imports of aluminum continue to effectively address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
8. Section 232 authorizes the President to adjust the imports of an article and its derivatives that are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security.
9. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483) (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 232, section 604, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) The Secretary is authorized to and shall establish a program to incentivize new investment in U.S. production facilities to produce primary aluminum.
(a) The Secretary is authorized to solicit and accept onshoring plans from companies. Any onshoring plan shall at least include: a commitment, if the plan is approved, to build, refurbish, or expand a facility in the United States that will produce primary aluminum; a commitment that construction will start by January 20, 2029; and any other relevant information and analysis, including requirements set by the Secretary.
(b) The Secretary is authorized to approve onshoring plans described in subclause (a) of this clause. In determining whether an onshoring plan qualifies for approval, the Secretary, in consultation with any senior executive branch officials the Secretary deems appropriate, shall consider all relevant factors he deems appropriate, such as the anticipated start date of construction, whether the proposed plan's project timeline is commercially reasonable, whether the proposed plan's project milestones are commercially reasonable, the anticipated annual production of primary aluminum from the onshoring project, whether the proposed plan's anticipated costs and primary-aluminum production projections are reasonable, and how the benefits of the reduced tariff rate will be allocated between the applicants of the onshoring plan. When approving onshoring plans, the Secretary shall act in a manner consistent with the need to address the national security threat found in Proclamation 9704.
(c) If the Secretary approves a company's onshoring plan, the Secretary shall allow the company to annually import primary aluminum of a quantity that corresponds to the U.S. production facility's reasonably anticipated annual output of primary aluminum when the onshoring project is completed, at half the section 232 rate of duty otherwise in effect. Tariff adjustments awarded for facility refurbishment shall only be granted to the extent those adjustments correspond with the value of the company's investment.
(d) The Secretary is authorized to take all actions that he deems appropriate to implement and effectuate this program, including, consistent with applicable law, the issuance of regulations, rules, guidance, and procedures. All approved onshoring plans shall be subject to monitoring and enforcement by the Secretary. The Secretary may require that companies with approved onshoring plans submit reports to the Department of Commerce to ensure compliance with domestic manufacturing commitments, and he may require that such reports be audited, including by external auditing firms. Should the Secretary determine that a company is substantially failing to meet its agreed-upon commitments that are the basis for granting the tariff benefits detailed in this proclamation, the Secretary is authorized to cease and rescind the tariff benefits awarded pursuant to this proclamation. In cases where the executive branch assesses that a company engaged in fraud or deliberately misled the United States Government with respect to onshoring commitments, the rescission of tariff benefits can be retroactive to the extent permitted by law, and the Secretary or the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection may collect the additional tariffs owed because of the retroactive rescission of the tariff benefits and impose any appropriate fines or penalties to the extent consistent with applicable law.
(2) The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission, and any other senior official the Secretary deems appropriate, shall determine whether any modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate or implement this proclamation or any actions taken pursuant to this proclamation, and shall make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register.
(3) The Secretary shall continue to monitor imports of aluminum and its derivatives. The Secretary shall, from time to time, review the status of aluminum and its derivative imports with respect to the national security. The Secretary shall inform me of any circumstances that, in his opinion, might indicate the need for further Presidential action under section 232. The Secretary shall also inform me of any circumstance that, in his opinion, might indicate that any of the actions taken under section 232 are no longer necessary.
(4) To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security are directed and authorized to take all actions that are appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation and any actions contemplated by this proclamation -- including through amendment of regulations or through notices in the Federal Register and by adopting rules, regulations, or guidance -- and to employ all powers granted to the President, including by section 232, as may be appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation, including to make any technical or ministerial corrections to any annexes to this proclamation. The head of each executive department and agency (agency) may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.
(5) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
(6) If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision of this proclamation to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individual or circumstance shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifty-first.
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/further-strengthening-actions-taken-to-adjust-imports-of-aluminum-into-the-united-states/
President Trump Issues Executive Order on Securing America's Defense Supply Chains & Ensuring Domestic Acquisition of Critical Materials
WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following executive order on July 20, 2026:
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SECURING AMERICA'S DEFENSE SUPPLY CHAINS AND ENSURING DOMESTIC ACQUISITION OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Policy. The United States military is the most effective and powerful fighting force on the planet. It fields the most advanced weapons systems and technologies in the world, utilizing cutting edge equipment to dominate the modern battlefield. To continue this ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following executive order on July 20, 2026: * * * SECURING AMERICA'S DEFENSE SUPPLY CHAINS AND ENSURING DOMESTIC ACQUISITION OF CRITICAL MATERIALS By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered: Section 1. Policy. The United States military is the most effective and powerful fighting force on the planet. It fields the most advanced weapons systems and technologies in the world, utilizing cutting edge equipment to dominate the modern battlefield. To continue thisdominance in an era of renewed great power competition, the United States must secure its supply chains against physical, cyber, and economic subversion. It is the policy of the United States that not only the finished equipment deployed by our military, but also the critical materials and components necessary to manufacture, maintain, sustain, and repair that equipment, are sourced domestically or from allied nations.
Despite the longstanding prohibition on the use of sensitive materials sourced from geopolitical adversaries, defense contractors have historically under-prioritized domestic production and resilience. My Administration will act to ensure that the statutory requirements of 10 U.S.C. 4872 are strictly observed and result in resilient domestic and allied supply chains.
Sec. 2. Restricting Waivers. (a) On January 1, 2027, the Secretary of War (Secretary) and the Secretaries of the military departments shall cease to issue waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1) for the acquisition of covered materials under 10 U.S.C. 4872, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. Waivers issued under 10 U.S.C. 4872(e) will only be issued as provided in subsection (b) of this section or following a request from the Secretary or the Secretary of the military department to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.
(b) The Secretary may continue to issue waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1) or (e) that would otherwise be prohibited under subsection (a) of this section for the acquisition of covered materials under 10 U.S.C. 4872, provided that the prime contractor or subcontractor submits to the Secretary or his designee a formal mitigation plan, accepted by the Secretary or his designee, that clearly:
(i) identifies the source of the covered material that would not be compliant with 10 U.S.C. 4872 absent a waiver;
(ii) documents evidence of exhaustive efforts made to acquire compliant covered material or demonstrates that compliant covered material was not available at the time of the acquisition of the non-compliant covered material;
(iii) describes the steps to be taken by the prime contractor or subcontractor to remove the non-compliant covered material from its supply chains; and
(iv) establishes a strict projected timeline for complete implementation of the mitigation plan.
(c) A prime contractor's or subcontractor's failure to qualify a domestic source of covered material shall not constitute non-availability for purposes of a waiver under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1), except in such cases in which a prime contractor or subcontractor demonstrates active, adequately funded, and ongoing efforts to qualify a domestic source of the covered material at issue.
(d) If the Secretary determines a prime contractor or subcontractor has engaged in fraud or deliberately misled the Federal Government in any part of its mitigation plan, or otherwise knowingly or willfully failed to implement its mitigation plan on the terms set forth and approved by the Secretary or his designee in the mitigation plan, the Secretary shall take all actions and exercise all contractual remedies the Secretary deems appropriate, consistent with applicable law. The Secretary may additionally refer the matter to the Attorney General for investigation and possible prosecution as appropriate.
(e) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall provide the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs a list of generally available actions and contractual remedies that have been taken or may be taken or exercised to address knowing or willful noncompliance by prime contractors and subcontractors.
(f) The Secretary shall review the Department of War's present application of the exemption for electronic devices under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(3)(B) and ensure the continued application of that exemption meets current national security needs.
Sec. 3. Critical Supply Chain Mapping and Illumination. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall develop policy and implementation guidance to require all prime contractors and subcontractors at any tier to map and illuminate, as further described in subsection (b) of this section, critical supply chains for all Department of War acquisitions that support, implicate, or relate to United States national security, as determined by the Secretary, from raw materials to the end use products such contractors deliver to the Department of War. Within 90 days of completion, the Secretary shall promulgate implementing regulations, and such regulations shall seek to ensure that small businesses, non-traditional defense companies, and new entrant firms are able to comply with the intent of this section without being unduly burdened by these regulations, as well as ensure that these regulations are consistent with all statutory domestic and allied sourcing requirements.
(b) The proposed regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall include requirements that:
(i) contractors must submit to the Department of War a complete indentured Bill of Materials that traces all components, parts, equipment, software, and materials back to the origin of raw materials in their supply chains;
(ii) contractors must establish and implement written procedures, in accordance with existing Department of War procedures for conducting supply chain risk assessments, to proactively vet all suppliers and subcontractors that support the critical supply chain; such vetting for critical supply chains shall, at a minimum, include screening of subcontractors and suppliers for the following categories of supply chain risks and challenges:
(A) financial, as defined in section 7(c) of this order,
(B) foreign ownership, control, or influence, as defined in section 7(d) of this order, and
(C) manufacturing and supply, as defined in section 7(e) of this order; and
(iii) subject to the exception contemplated by section 6(a) of this order, prohibit contractors from utilizing in their supply chains covered material supplied by an unreliable foreign supplier, as defined in section 7(f) of this order.
(c) The proposed regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall require contractors, upon completion of the vetting activities described in subsection (b)(ii) of this section, to:
(i) implement timely mitigation actions, including those identified in the required Supply Chain Risk Management Plan pursuant to Contract Requirement Data List DI-MGMT-82256A, to reduce the likelihood or impact of each identified risk;
(ii) track active mitigation actions until closure;
(iii) within 15 days of completing the vetting activities, notify the Department of War of any significant supply chain risks identified by the vetting activities;
(iv) within 45 days of completing the vetting activities, submit a written, confidential corrective action plan detailing implemented mitigations and a strict projected timeline for complete implementation of the corrective action plan; and
(v) submit a closeout report upon completing the corrective action plan.
(d) The Department of War shall, in response to the vulnerabilities, bottlenecks, and single points of failure identified by contractor acquisition information, map national security vulnerabilities as they relate to the sourcing of key raw materials or other links in the supply chain, using any tools and technologies to include artificial intelligence to assist in doing so. The Secretary shall account for identified vulnerabilities, bottlenecks, and single points of failure before issuing any waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1) or (e), consistent with the requirements of section 2 of this order.
Sec. 4. Qualification of Domestic Sources. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall initiate regulatory action to:
(i) identify, in his sole discretion, all existing acquisitions by the Department of War that support, implicate, or relate to United States national security; and
(ii) require contractors who, in delivering the identified acquisitions, rely on supply chains that include material or components supplied by an unreliable foreign supplier, to, as soon as possible, consistent with law, safety, mission requirements, and existing contract requirements, qualify and utilize an alternative source for the material or components supplied by the unreliable foreign supplier, except in cases where no such alternative source is available.
(b) A contractor's failure to qualify an alternative source under subsection (a) of this section shall constitute grounds, consistent with law and existing contract terms, for the Secretary to consider suspending or terminating task orders, declining to exercise contract options, and terminating the existing contract.
(c) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall develop a strategy to accelerate testing and qualification of new sources and materials by prime contractors and subcontractors at any tier. This strategy shall include developing new software, technical testing procedures, qualificationmethodologies, and resources. As part of this strategy, the Secretary shall identify and begin steps to rescind any regulations that prevent rapid testing and qualification of sources and materials necessary for defense production.
Sec. 5. Reporting. (a) Every 6 months from the date of this order until January 1, 2028, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs describing the actions taken pursuant to this order. This report shall include:
(i) any continued use of waivers by prime contractors or subcontractors under 10 U.S.C. 4872;
(ii) the number of mitigation plans accepted under section 2(b) of this order and the progress made by relevant contractors to complete the commitments outlined in their relevant mitigation plans; and
(iii) progress made on implementing the regulations required by sections 3 and 4 of this order, as well as the acquisitions to be covered by those regulations.
(b) The report may include a classified annex if the Secretary determines that national security considerations so require.
Sec. 6. Project Vault and U.S. Funded Sources. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the U.S. Strategic Critical Minerals Reserve (also known as "Project Vault") for which the Export-Import Bank of the United States is a lender or the acquisition by a contractor or subcontractor of critical minerals or components produced by a foreign project or other transaction financed, guaranteed, or insured by the Export-Import Bank of the United States or the United States International Development Finance Corporation.
(b) The sale of critical materials or components by Project Vault to a contractor or subcontractor shall not be construed as a credit sale of a defense article or service for purposes of 12 U.S.C. 635(b)(6)(A).
(c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the acquisition by a contractor or subcontractor of critical minerals or components produced by a company or project receiving grants, financing, loans, equity investment, or other such support from the Department of State, the Department of War, the Department of Commerce, or the Department of Energy.
Sec. 7. Definitions. For purposes of this order:
(a) The term "critical supply chain" means all tiers of suppliers and subcontractors providing goods, materials, systems, software, or services that are essential to contract deliverables, mission assurance, security, or resilience, as defined by the Secretary.
(b) The term "indentured Bill of Materials" shall mean all the components, parts, equipment, software, and materials back to the origin of raw materials collected during the design, development, and initial fielding process of a system or end item. This term includes data for maintenance planning, logistics design requirements, reliability and maintainability, system safety, maintenance engineering, cost, cataloging, item management, and in-service feedback. The indentured Bill of Materials will require a standard format, content, and data pursuant to contract data requirement list data item descriptions (DIDs) and will have intended use as outlined in the DID. An indentured Bill of Materials may be disclosed to contractor personnel performing under a Department of War contract, notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the disclosure is necessary for the covered Federal Government support contractor to furnish independent or impartial advice or technical assistance directly to the Federal Government in support of the Federal Government's statutory authorities to include the promulgation of policy, management, and oversight of the program or effort to which the sensitive information relates; is within the scope of the covered contracts with such contractors; and the contractor and contractor personnel to which the information is disclosed will appropriately protect proprietary information from unauthorized disclosure or use.
(c) A "financial" supply chain risk or challenge means a situation in which a supplier cannot generate revenue or income resulting in the inability to meet financial obligations. Financial distress can lead to the inability to meet contractual obligations, hostile takeovers, or bankruptcy.
(d) The term "foreign ownership, control, or influence" means a foreign interest has the power -- whether through direct or indirect control, whether or not exercised -- to direct or decide matters affecting the management or operations of a company in a manner that may result in unauthorized access to information or may adversely affect the performance of contracts or programs which support national security.
(e) A "manufacturing and supply" supply chain risk or challenge means either a single supplier, economic sector, or market cannot meet market demand. This can be due to reduced throughput or production delays caused by capacity constraints, obsolescence, industrial limitations, market conditions and the supplier's practices across those markets, disrupted material delivery, and other conditions. Additional concerns include availability of supply, capacity to surge, sole-source, and concentration within or over-reliance on a single source.
(f) The term "unreliable foreign supplier" means any person subject to the foreign ownership, control, or influence of a covered nation as defined by 10 U.S.C. 4872(f)(2), or a nation otherwise designated by the Secretary.
Sec. 8. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of War.
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/securing-americas-defense-supply-chains-and-ensuring-domestic-acquisition-of-critical-materials/
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SECURING AMERICA'S DEFENSE SUPPLY CHAINS AND ENSURING DOMESTIC ACQUISITION OF CRITICAL MATERIALS
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Policy. The United States military is the most effective and powerful fighting force on the planet. It fields the most advanced weapons systems and technologies in the world, utilizing cutting edge equipment to dominate the modern battlefield. To continue this ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- President Trump issued the following executive order on July 20, 2026: * * * SECURING AMERICA'S DEFENSE SUPPLY CHAINS AND ENSURING DOMESTIC ACQUISITION OF CRITICAL MATERIALS By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered: Section 1. Policy. The United States military is the most effective and powerful fighting force on the planet. It fields the most advanced weapons systems and technologies in the world, utilizing cutting edge equipment to dominate the modern battlefield. To continue thisdominance in an era of renewed great power competition, the United States must secure its supply chains against physical, cyber, and economic subversion. It is the policy of the United States that not only the finished equipment deployed by our military, but also the critical materials and components necessary to manufacture, maintain, sustain, and repair that equipment, are sourced domestically or from allied nations.
Despite the longstanding prohibition on the use of sensitive materials sourced from geopolitical adversaries, defense contractors have historically under-prioritized domestic production and resilience. My Administration will act to ensure that the statutory requirements of 10 U.S.C. 4872 are strictly observed and result in resilient domestic and allied supply chains.
Sec. 2. Restricting Waivers. (a) On January 1, 2027, the Secretary of War (Secretary) and the Secretaries of the military departments shall cease to issue waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1) for the acquisition of covered materials under 10 U.S.C. 4872, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. Waivers issued under 10 U.S.C. 4872(e) will only be issued as provided in subsection (b) of this section or following a request from the Secretary or the Secretary of the military department to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.
(b) The Secretary may continue to issue waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1) or (e) that would otherwise be prohibited under subsection (a) of this section for the acquisition of covered materials under 10 U.S.C. 4872, provided that the prime contractor or subcontractor submits to the Secretary or his designee a formal mitigation plan, accepted by the Secretary or his designee, that clearly:
(i) identifies the source of the covered material that would not be compliant with 10 U.S.C. 4872 absent a waiver;
(ii) documents evidence of exhaustive efforts made to acquire compliant covered material or demonstrates that compliant covered material was not available at the time of the acquisition of the non-compliant covered material;
(iii) describes the steps to be taken by the prime contractor or subcontractor to remove the non-compliant covered material from its supply chains; and
(iv) establishes a strict projected timeline for complete implementation of the mitigation plan.
(c) A prime contractor's or subcontractor's failure to qualify a domestic source of covered material shall not constitute non-availability for purposes of a waiver under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1), except in such cases in which a prime contractor or subcontractor demonstrates active, adequately funded, and ongoing efforts to qualify a domestic source of the covered material at issue.
(d) If the Secretary determines a prime contractor or subcontractor has engaged in fraud or deliberately misled the Federal Government in any part of its mitigation plan, or otherwise knowingly or willfully failed to implement its mitigation plan on the terms set forth and approved by the Secretary or his designee in the mitigation plan, the Secretary shall take all actions and exercise all contractual remedies the Secretary deems appropriate, consistent with applicable law. The Secretary may additionally refer the matter to the Attorney General for investigation and possible prosecution as appropriate.
(e) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall provide the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs a list of generally available actions and contractual remedies that have been taken or may be taken or exercised to address knowing or willful noncompliance by prime contractors and subcontractors.
(f) The Secretary shall review the Department of War's present application of the exemption for electronic devices under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(3)(B) and ensure the continued application of that exemption meets current national security needs.
Sec. 3. Critical Supply Chain Mapping and Illumination. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall develop policy and implementation guidance to require all prime contractors and subcontractors at any tier to map and illuminate, as further described in subsection (b) of this section, critical supply chains for all Department of War acquisitions that support, implicate, or relate to United States national security, as determined by the Secretary, from raw materials to the end use products such contractors deliver to the Department of War. Within 90 days of completion, the Secretary shall promulgate implementing regulations, and such regulations shall seek to ensure that small businesses, non-traditional defense companies, and new entrant firms are able to comply with the intent of this section without being unduly burdened by these regulations, as well as ensure that these regulations are consistent with all statutory domestic and allied sourcing requirements.
(b) The proposed regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall include requirements that:
(i) contractors must submit to the Department of War a complete indentured Bill of Materials that traces all components, parts, equipment, software, and materials back to the origin of raw materials in their supply chains;
(ii) contractors must establish and implement written procedures, in accordance with existing Department of War procedures for conducting supply chain risk assessments, to proactively vet all suppliers and subcontractors that support the critical supply chain; such vetting for critical supply chains shall, at a minimum, include screening of subcontractors and suppliers for the following categories of supply chain risks and challenges:
(A) financial, as defined in section 7(c) of this order,
(B) foreign ownership, control, or influence, as defined in section 7(d) of this order, and
(C) manufacturing and supply, as defined in section 7(e) of this order; and
(iii) subject to the exception contemplated by section 6(a) of this order, prohibit contractors from utilizing in their supply chains covered material supplied by an unreliable foreign supplier, as defined in section 7(f) of this order.
(c) The proposed regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall require contractors, upon completion of the vetting activities described in subsection (b)(ii) of this section, to:
(i) implement timely mitigation actions, including those identified in the required Supply Chain Risk Management Plan pursuant to Contract Requirement Data List DI-MGMT-82256A, to reduce the likelihood or impact of each identified risk;
(ii) track active mitigation actions until closure;
(iii) within 15 days of completing the vetting activities, notify the Department of War of any significant supply chain risks identified by the vetting activities;
(iv) within 45 days of completing the vetting activities, submit a written, confidential corrective action plan detailing implemented mitigations and a strict projected timeline for complete implementation of the corrective action plan; and
(v) submit a closeout report upon completing the corrective action plan.
(d) The Department of War shall, in response to the vulnerabilities, bottlenecks, and single points of failure identified by contractor acquisition information, map national security vulnerabilities as they relate to the sourcing of key raw materials or other links in the supply chain, using any tools and technologies to include artificial intelligence to assist in doing so. The Secretary shall account for identified vulnerabilities, bottlenecks, and single points of failure before issuing any waivers under 10 U.S.C. 4872(c)(1) or (e), consistent with the requirements of section 2 of this order.
Sec. 4. Qualification of Domestic Sources. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall initiate regulatory action to:
(i) identify, in his sole discretion, all existing acquisitions by the Department of War that support, implicate, or relate to United States national security; and
(ii) require contractors who, in delivering the identified acquisitions, rely on supply chains that include material or components supplied by an unreliable foreign supplier, to, as soon as possible, consistent with law, safety, mission requirements, and existing contract requirements, qualify and utilize an alternative source for the material or components supplied by the unreliable foreign supplier, except in cases where no such alternative source is available.
(b) A contractor's failure to qualify an alternative source under subsection (a) of this section shall constitute grounds, consistent with law and existing contract terms, for the Secretary to consider suspending or terminating task orders, declining to exercise contract options, and terminating the existing contract.
(c) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary shall develop a strategy to accelerate testing and qualification of new sources and materials by prime contractors and subcontractors at any tier. This strategy shall include developing new software, technical testing procedures, qualificationmethodologies, and resources. As part of this strategy, the Secretary shall identify and begin steps to rescind any regulations that prevent rapid testing and qualification of sources and materials necessary for defense production.
Sec. 5. Reporting. (a) Every 6 months from the date of this order until January 1, 2028, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs describing the actions taken pursuant to this order. This report shall include:
(i) any continued use of waivers by prime contractors or subcontractors under 10 U.S.C. 4872;
(ii) the number of mitigation plans accepted under section 2(b) of this order and the progress made by relevant contractors to complete the commitments outlined in their relevant mitigation plans; and
(iii) progress made on implementing the regulations required by sections 3 and 4 of this order, as well as the acquisitions to be covered by those regulations.
(b) The report may include a classified annex if the Secretary determines that national security considerations so require.
Sec. 6. Project Vault and U.S. Funded Sources. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the U.S. Strategic Critical Minerals Reserve (also known as "Project Vault") for which the Export-Import Bank of the United States is a lender or the acquisition by a contractor or subcontractor of critical minerals or components produced by a foreign project or other transaction financed, guaranteed, or insured by the Export-Import Bank of the United States or the United States International Development Finance Corporation.
(b) The sale of critical materials or components by Project Vault to a contractor or subcontractor shall not be construed as a credit sale of a defense article or service for purposes of 12 U.S.C. 635(b)(6)(A).
(c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the acquisition by a contractor or subcontractor of critical minerals or components produced by a company or project receiving grants, financing, loans, equity investment, or other such support from the Department of State, the Department of War, the Department of Commerce, or the Department of Energy.
Sec. 7. Definitions. For purposes of this order:
(a) The term "critical supply chain" means all tiers of suppliers and subcontractors providing goods, materials, systems, software, or services that are essential to contract deliverables, mission assurance, security, or resilience, as defined by the Secretary.
(b) The term "indentured Bill of Materials" shall mean all the components, parts, equipment, software, and materials back to the origin of raw materials collected during the design, development, and initial fielding process of a system or end item. This term includes data for maintenance planning, logistics design requirements, reliability and maintainability, system safety, maintenance engineering, cost, cataloging, item management, and in-service feedback. The indentured Bill of Materials will require a standard format, content, and data pursuant to contract data requirement list data item descriptions (DIDs) and will have intended use as outlined in the DID. An indentured Bill of Materials may be disclosed to contractor personnel performing under a Department of War contract, notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the disclosure is necessary for the covered Federal Government support contractor to furnish independent or impartial advice or technical assistance directly to the Federal Government in support of the Federal Government's statutory authorities to include the promulgation of policy, management, and oversight of the program or effort to which the sensitive information relates; is within the scope of the covered contracts with such contractors; and the contractor and contractor personnel to which the information is disclosed will appropriately protect proprietary information from unauthorized disclosure or use.
(c) A "financial" supply chain risk or challenge means a situation in which a supplier cannot generate revenue or income resulting in the inability to meet financial obligations. Financial distress can lead to the inability to meet contractual obligations, hostile takeovers, or bankruptcy.
(d) The term "foreign ownership, control, or influence" means a foreign interest has the power -- whether through direct or indirect control, whether or not exercised -- to direct or decide matters affecting the management or operations of a company in a manner that may result in unauthorized access to information or may adversely affect the performance of contracts or programs which support national security.
(e) A "manufacturing and supply" supply chain risk or challenge means either a single supplier, economic sector, or market cannot meet market demand. This can be due to reduced throughput or production delays caused by capacity constraints, obsolescence, industrial limitations, market conditions and the supplier's practices across those markets, disrupted material delivery, and other conditions. Additional concerns include availability of supply, capacity to surge, sole-source, and concentration within or over-reliance on a single source.
(f) The term "unreliable foreign supplier" means any person subject to the foreign ownership, control, or influence of a covered nation as defined by 10 U.S.C. 4872(f)(2), or a nation otherwise designated by the Secretary.
Sec. 8. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of War.
DONALD J. TRUMP
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Original text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/07/securing-americas-defense-supply-chains-and-ensuring-domestic-acquisition-of-critical-materials/
Justice Department Moves to Revoke U.S. Citizenship From 10 Naturalized Criminals Including Child Molesters, Scammers, and Drug Dealers
WASHINGTON, July 21 -- The U.S. Department of Justice issued the following news release on July 20, 2026:
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Justice Department Moves to Revoke U.S. Citizenship from 10 Naturalized Criminals Including Child Molesters, Scammers, and Drug Dealers
Trump administration continues largest denaturalization effort ever
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The Department of Justice announced today that it filed denaturalization actions in various U.S. district courts against 10 individuals accused of serious offenses--including sexual abuse of a child, health care and wire fraud, immigration fraud, and conspiracy to possess with ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- The U.S. Department of Justice issued the following news release on July 20, 2026: * * * Justice Department Moves to Revoke U.S. Citizenship from 10 Naturalized Criminals Including Child Molesters, Scammers, and Drug Dealers Trump administration continues largest denaturalization effort ever - The Department of Justice announced today that it filed denaturalization actions in various U.S. district courts against 10 individuals accused of serious offenses--including sexual abuse of a child, health care and wire fraud, immigration fraud, and conspiracy to possess withthe intent to distribute cocaine. The complaints were filed over the last 30 days.
Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, a naturalized U.S. citizen's citizenship may be revoked, and certificate of naturalization canceled, if the naturalization was illegally procured or procured by concealment of a material fact or by willful misrepresentation.
"These ten criminal aliens -- including child sex abusers, a $900,000 Medicare fraudster, and a cocaine trafficker -- lied their way into U.S. citizenship," said Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche. "Each of these individuals lacked the good moral character required by law and procured citizenship through willful misrepresentations and concealment of their crimes. Under President Trump's leadership, this Department of Justice will continue to aggressively pursue denaturalization to restore integrity to America's naturalization process."
"When you commit fraud during the naturalization process, you forfeit the right to keep your U.S. citizenship," said Department of Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin. "These criminal aliens, comprised of drug traffickers, pedophiles, and fraudsters, lost that right and exploited our immigration system--harming real U.S. citizens. DHS is committed to ensuring we denaturalize and remove these fraudsters with every tool at our disposal."
"We refuse to give a free pass to criminals who cheated their way into American citizenship," said Assistant Attorney General Brett A. Shumate of the Justice Department's Civil Division. "Under this administration, if you defrauded the naturalization process, you will face the full force of the Justice Department. We've only scratched the surface -- many more complaints are coming."
1. Yoskmaikel Rodriguez Perez (Age 45/Cuba): Rodriguez Perez, a native of Cuba, became a lawful permanent resident in 2004 and naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 2018. Before obtaining citizenship, however, Rodriguez Perez operated a purported medical clinic and submitted false and fraudulent claims to Medicare in excess of $886,694. Rodriguez Perez concealed this criminal conduct throughout the naturalization process and provided false testimony under oath to a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer. Rodriguez Perez later pleaded guilty and was convicted of conspiracy to commit healthcare and wire fraud. On June 18, 2026, the United States filed a four-count denaturalization action in the Southern District of Florida. The complaint alleges that Rodriguez Perez illegally procured his citizenship because he lacked the good moral character required for naturalization given his crime of moral turpitude, unlawful acts, and false testimony under oath during the naturalization process; and because he procured U.S. citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
2. Ceflo Luviano-Mojica (Age 60/Mexico): On July 14, 2026, the United States brought a denaturalization action against Ceflo Luviano-Mojica, a native of Mexico, who misrepresented his prior arrest for Carrying a Concealed Firearm and for Grand Theft, for which he spent 30 days in jail. In 1998, Luviano pleaded guilty and was convicted in the Northern District of Georgia of, inter alia, Providing False Information in a Naturalization Application, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1015. Luviano admitted he had made a false statement both on his naturalization application and during his interview, when he testified under oath that he had never been arrested, charged, or imprisoned for breaking or violating any law. The United States filed a two-count denaturalization action in the Northern District of Georgia alleging that Luviano illegally procured his citizenship by lacking the good moral character required for naturalization and procuring U.S. citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
3. Urbano Vazquez Ortega (Age 53/Mexico): On July 10, 2026, the United States brought a denaturalization action against Urbano Vazquez Ortega, who sexually assaulted children while employed as a priest in a Washington, D.C. church. Mr. Vazquez Ortega is a native of Mexico and was naturalized as a U.S. citizen on July 11, 2017. Mr. Vazquez Ortega was charged with and convicted in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia of multiple counts of Second-Degree Child Sexual Abuse. Between 2015 to 2017, Mr. Vazquez Ortega touched the breasts, genitalia, and buttocks of his victims and in one instance thrusted his tongue into the mouth of a minor female victim. In 2019, Mr. Vazquez Ortega was sentenced to fifteen years in prison and is presently incarcerated. The United States filed a five-count complaint against Mr. Vazquez Ortega to revoke his naturalized citizenship as he committed these crimes before, during, and after his naturalization as a U.S. citizen.
4. Murtaza Ali (Age 65/Pakistan): Ali is a native of Pakistan who filed multiple applications for immigration benefits under different aliases until he obtained a grant of an immigration benefit under the alias "Muhammad Iqbal." Ali, through the grant of the immigration benefit, obtained permanent residency under the alias "Muhammad Iqbal" and thereafter naturalized under this alias in 2009. Following Ali's naturalization, a fingerprint expert determined that the fingerprints provided with immigration benefits applications filed under the names "Mortaza Ali" and "Muhammad Iqbal" were made by the same person. As a result, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Texas charged Ali with making False Material Statements to an Agency of the United States in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1001. In 2014, Ali pleaded guilty as charged, admitting that he had filed three separate applications for immigration benefits using three different identities. On July 14, 2026, the United States filed a four-count denaturalization action in the Northern District of Texas alleging that Ali procured his citizenship by committing immigration fraud, engaging in unlawful acts that reflect adversely on his moral character, providing false testimony under oath during the naturalization process, and procuring citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
5. Jimmy Aguero (Age 51/Peru): Mr. Aguero repeatedly sexually abused his minor stepdaughter prior naturalizing as a U.S. citizen on October 6, 2015. A jury found Aguero guilty on eight counts of the sexual abuse of a minor, and he was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment. The Department of Justice filed a complaint alleging that Mr. Aguero was statutorily barred from showing that he was a person of good moral character because of his convictions. The Department also alleged that he procured his naturalization by concealment of material facts.
6. Antonio Alcantara-Ruiz (Age 53/Mexico): On June 23, 2026, the United States brought a denaturalization action against Antonio Alcantara-Ruiz, a/k/a Emiliano Quintana-Gonzalez, a/k/a Antonio Quinn Alcantara, who misrepresented his identity to secure citizenship. Prior to the naturalization process, Alcantara purchased identity documents from a fellow Mexican citizen and used those documents to secure a replacement permanent resident card which contained Alcantara-Ruiz's picture and fingerprint. Alcantara-Ruiz then used the false documents in support of his naturalization. The United States filed a 4-count complaint against Alcantara-Ruiz seeking to cancel his naturalized citizenship.
7. Omar Cantu-Montalvo (Age 44/Mexico): Cantu-Montalvo was admitted to the United States in March 1996 and subsequently obtained permanent residence. When he applied to naturalize in July 2005, Mr. Cantu-Montalvo stated in his application that he had never committed a crime or offense for which he had not been arrested. He later repeated that claim during his naturalization interview. His application was approved, and he naturalized in December 2005. In April 2016, however, Mr. Cantu-Montalvo pleaded guilty in federal district court to conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute more than 5 kilograms of cocaine--a conspiracy he joined in April 2005, just a few months before he applied for naturalization. For his crime, the court sentenced Mr. Cantu-Montalvo to 100 months of imprisonment followed by a five-year term of supervised release. On June 15, 2026, the United States filed a complaint seeking to revoke Mr. Cantu-Montalvo's citizenship because he illegally procured his citizenship as he was unable to demonstrate good moral character in light of his commission of a controlled substance offense. Additionally, Mr. Cantu-Montalvo is subject to denaturalization because he willfully misrepresented or concealed his offense while seeking United States citizenship.
8. Francisco Montano (Age 59/Mexico): Montano was legally admitted to the United States in February of 1987, but when he applied to naturalize in 1997, Montano failed to divulge that he had sexual abused a child during the mandatory five-year good moral character period prior to the naturalization process. Montano was later convicted in a Texas State court of two counts of Aggravated Sexual assault and four counts of Indecency with a Child that occurred during the five-year period. As Montano should not have been naturalized, the United States filed a complaint on June 30 in the Southern District of Texas to revoke his illegally-obtained citizenship.
9. Marcin Stanislaw Garbacz (Age 47/Poland): Garbacz, a native of Poland and former Roman Catholic priest, became a lawful permanent resident in 2008 and naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 2014. Before obtaining citizenship, Garbacz engaged in a scheme to steal approximately $259,696 in cash collections from three parishes within the Diocese of Rapid City, South Dakota. Garbacz also secretly recorded a 17-year-old showering during a church trip to Poland. Garbacz concealed this criminal conduct throughout the naturalization process. Garbacz was later convicted of multiple federal offenses, including wire fraud, making and subscribing a false tax return, and engaging in illicit sexual conduct in a foreign place involving a minor. On July 6, 2026, the United States filed a four-count denaturalization action in the Western District of Washington alleging that Garbacz illegally procured his citizenship by lacking the good moral character required for naturalization, providing false testimony under oath during the naturalization process, and procuring U.S. citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
10. Martin Garcia Cardie (Age 60/Mexico): On July 6, 2026, the United States filed a Complaint in the District of Utah seeking the denaturalization of Martin Garcia Cardiel. Garcia Cardiel was admitted to the United States in December 2000 and subsequently obtained permanent residence. When he applied to naturalize in 2011, Mr. Garcia Cardiel wrote in his application that he had never committed a crime for which he had not been arrested. He further indicated in his application that he had never given false or misleading information to any United States government official while applying for any immigration benefit. He naturalized in October 2011. However, in 2022, a petit jury in the State of Utah convicted Mr. Garcia Cardiel of nineteen counts of aggravated sexual abuse of a child based on acts the defendant committed in 2007. Evidence at trial indicated that the two victims were his neighbors, sisters who were 7 and 8 years old when the abuse began. Garcia Cardiel was sentenced to consecutive terms of imprisonment of 15 years to life.
These complaints were filed in the Southern District of Florida, Northern District of Georgia, Southern District of Iowa, District of Maryland, Western District of Pennsylvania, Northern District of Texas, Southern District of Texas, District of Utah, and Western District of Washington.
The claims made in the complaints are allegations only, and there has been no determination of liability.
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Original text here: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-moves-revoke-us-citizenship-10-naturalized-criminals-including-child
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Justice Department Moves to Revoke U.S. Citizenship from 10 Naturalized Criminals Including Child Molesters, Scammers, and Drug Dealers
Trump administration continues largest denaturalization effort ever
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The Department of Justice announced today that it filed denaturalization actions in various U.S. district courts against 10 individuals accused of serious offenses--including sexual abuse of a child, health care and wire fraud, immigration fraud, and conspiracy to possess with ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- The U.S. Department of Justice issued the following news release on July 20, 2026: * * * Justice Department Moves to Revoke U.S. Citizenship from 10 Naturalized Criminals Including Child Molesters, Scammers, and Drug Dealers Trump administration continues largest denaturalization effort ever - The Department of Justice announced today that it filed denaturalization actions in various U.S. district courts against 10 individuals accused of serious offenses--including sexual abuse of a child, health care and wire fraud, immigration fraud, and conspiracy to possess withthe intent to distribute cocaine. The complaints were filed over the last 30 days.
Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, a naturalized U.S. citizen's citizenship may be revoked, and certificate of naturalization canceled, if the naturalization was illegally procured or procured by concealment of a material fact or by willful misrepresentation.
"These ten criminal aliens -- including child sex abusers, a $900,000 Medicare fraudster, and a cocaine trafficker -- lied their way into U.S. citizenship," said Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche. "Each of these individuals lacked the good moral character required by law and procured citizenship through willful misrepresentations and concealment of their crimes. Under President Trump's leadership, this Department of Justice will continue to aggressively pursue denaturalization to restore integrity to America's naturalization process."
"When you commit fraud during the naturalization process, you forfeit the right to keep your U.S. citizenship," said Department of Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin. "These criminal aliens, comprised of drug traffickers, pedophiles, and fraudsters, lost that right and exploited our immigration system--harming real U.S. citizens. DHS is committed to ensuring we denaturalize and remove these fraudsters with every tool at our disposal."
"We refuse to give a free pass to criminals who cheated their way into American citizenship," said Assistant Attorney General Brett A. Shumate of the Justice Department's Civil Division. "Under this administration, if you defrauded the naturalization process, you will face the full force of the Justice Department. We've only scratched the surface -- many more complaints are coming."
1. Yoskmaikel Rodriguez Perez (Age 45/Cuba): Rodriguez Perez, a native of Cuba, became a lawful permanent resident in 2004 and naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 2018. Before obtaining citizenship, however, Rodriguez Perez operated a purported medical clinic and submitted false and fraudulent claims to Medicare in excess of $886,694. Rodriguez Perez concealed this criminal conduct throughout the naturalization process and provided false testimony under oath to a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer. Rodriguez Perez later pleaded guilty and was convicted of conspiracy to commit healthcare and wire fraud. On June 18, 2026, the United States filed a four-count denaturalization action in the Southern District of Florida. The complaint alleges that Rodriguez Perez illegally procured his citizenship because he lacked the good moral character required for naturalization given his crime of moral turpitude, unlawful acts, and false testimony under oath during the naturalization process; and because he procured U.S. citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
2. Ceflo Luviano-Mojica (Age 60/Mexico): On July 14, 2026, the United States brought a denaturalization action against Ceflo Luviano-Mojica, a native of Mexico, who misrepresented his prior arrest for Carrying a Concealed Firearm and for Grand Theft, for which he spent 30 days in jail. In 1998, Luviano pleaded guilty and was convicted in the Northern District of Georgia of, inter alia, Providing False Information in a Naturalization Application, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1015. Luviano admitted he had made a false statement both on his naturalization application and during his interview, when he testified under oath that he had never been arrested, charged, or imprisoned for breaking or violating any law. The United States filed a two-count denaturalization action in the Northern District of Georgia alleging that Luviano illegally procured his citizenship by lacking the good moral character required for naturalization and procuring U.S. citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
3. Urbano Vazquez Ortega (Age 53/Mexico): On July 10, 2026, the United States brought a denaturalization action against Urbano Vazquez Ortega, who sexually assaulted children while employed as a priest in a Washington, D.C. church. Mr. Vazquez Ortega is a native of Mexico and was naturalized as a U.S. citizen on July 11, 2017. Mr. Vazquez Ortega was charged with and convicted in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia of multiple counts of Second-Degree Child Sexual Abuse. Between 2015 to 2017, Mr. Vazquez Ortega touched the breasts, genitalia, and buttocks of his victims and in one instance thrusted his tongue into the mouth of a minor female victim. In 2019, Mr. Vazquez Ortega was sentenced to fifteen years in prison and is presently incarcerated. The United States filed a five-count complaint against Mr. Vazquez Ortega to revoke his naturalized citizenship as he committed these crimes before, during, and after his naturalization as a U.S. citizen.
4. Murtaza Ali (Age 65/Pakistan): Ali is a native of Pakistan who filed multiple applications for immigration benefits under different aliases until he obtained a grant of an immigration benefit under the alias "Muhammad Iqbal." Ali, through the grant of the immigration benefit, obtained permanent residency under the alias "Muhammad Iqbal" and thereafter naturalized under this alias in 2009. Following Ali's naturalization, a fingerprint expert determined that the fingerprints provided with immigration benefits applications filed under the names "Mortaza Ali" and "Muhammad Iqbal" were made by the same person. As a result, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Texas charged Ali with making False Material Statements to an Agency of the United States in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1001. In 2014, Ali pleaded guilty as charged, admitting that he had filed three separate applications for immigration benefits using three different identities. On July 14, 2026, the United States filed a four-count denaturalization action in the Northern District of Texas alleging that Ali procured his citizenship by committing immigration fraud, engaging in unlawful acts that reflect adversely on his moral character, providing false testimony under oath during the naturalization process, and procuring citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
5. Jimmy Aguero (Age 51/Peru): Mr. Aguero repeatedly sexually abused his minor stepdaughter prior naturalizing as a U.S. citizen on October 6, 2015. A jury found Aguero guilty on eight counts of the sexual abuse of a minor, and he was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment. The Department of Justice filed a complaint alleging that Mr. Aguero was statutorily barred from showing that he was a person of good moral character because of his convictions. The Department also alleged that he procured his naturalization by concealment of material facts.
6. Antonio Alcantara-Ruiz (Age 53/Mexico): On June 23, 2026, the United States brought a denaturalization action against Antonio Alcantara-Ruiz, a/k/a Emiliano Quintana-Gonzalez, a/k/a Antonio Quinn Alcantara, who misrepresented his identity to secure citizenship. Prior to the naturalization process, Alcantara purchased identity documents from a fellow Mexican citizen and used those documents to secure a replacement permanent resident card which contained Alcantara-Ruiz's picture and fingerprint. Alcantara-Ruiz then used the false documents in support of his naturalization. The United States filed a 4-count complaint against Alcantara-Ruiz seeking to cancel his naturalized citizenship.
7. Omar Cantu-Montalvo (Age 44/Mexico): Cantu-Montalvo was admitted to the United States in March 1996 and subsequently obtained permanent residence. When he applied to naturalize in July 2005, Mr. Cantu-Montalvo stated in his application that he had never committed a crime or offense for which he had not been arrested. He later repeated that claim during his naturalization interview. His application was approved, and he naturalized in December 2005. In April 2016, however, Mr. Cantu-Montalvo pleaded guilty in federal district court to conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute more than 5 kilograms of cocaine--a conspiracy he joined in April 2005, just a few months before he applied for naturalization. For his crime, the court sentenced Mr. Cantu-Montalvo to 100 months of imprisonment followed by a five-year term of supervised release. On June 15, 2026, the United States filed a complaint seeking to revoke Mr. Cantu-Montalvo's citizenship because he illegally procured his citizenship as he was unable to demonstrate good moral character in light of his commission of a controlled substance offense. Additionally, Mr. Cantu-Montalvo is subject to denaturalization because he willfully misrepresented or concealed his offense while seeking United States citizenship.
8. Francisco Montano (Age 59/Mexico): Montano was legally admitted to the United States in February of 1987, but when he applied to naturalize in 1997, Montano failed to divulge that he had sexual abused a child during the mandatory five-year good moral character period prior to the naturalization process. Montano was later convicted in a Texas State court of two counts of Aggravated Sexual assault and four counts of Indecency with a Child that occurred during the five-year period. As Montano should not have been naturalized, the United States filed a complaint on June 30 in the Southern District of Texas to revoke his illegally-obtained citizenship.
9. Marcin Stanislaw Garbacz (Age 47/Poland): Garbacz, a native of Poland and former Roman Catholic priest, became a lawful permanent resident in 2008 and naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 2014. Before obtaining citizenship, Garbacz engaged in a scheme to steal approximately $259,696 in cash collections from three parishes within the Diocese of Rapid City, South Dakota. Garbacz also secretly recorded a 17-year-old showering during a church trip to Poland. Garbacz concealed this criminal conduct throughout the naturalization process. Garbacz was later convicted of multiple federal offenses, including wire fraud, making and subscribing a false tax return, and engaging in illicit sexual conduct in a foreign place involving a minor. On July 6, 2026, the United States filed a four-count denaturalization action in the Western District of Washington alleging that Garbacz illegally procured his citizenship by lacking the good moral character required for naturalization, providing false testimony under oath during the naturalization process, and procuring U.S. citizenship through the concealment of material facts and willful misrepresentations.
10. Martin Garcia Cardie (Age 60/Mexico): On July 6, 2026, the United States filed a Complaint in the District of Utah seeking the denaturalization of Martin Garcia Cardiel. Garcia Cardiel was admitted to the United States in December 2000 and subsequently obtained permanent residence. When he applied to naturalize in 2011, Mr. Garcia Cardiel wrote in his application that he had never committed a crime for which he had not been arrested. He further indicated in his application that he had never given false or misleading information to any United States government official while applying for any immigration benefit. He naturalized in October 2011. However, in 2022, a petit jury in the State of Utah convicted Mr. Garcia Cardiel of nineteen counts of aggravated sexual abuse of a child based on acts the defendant committed in 2007. Evidence at trial indicated that the two victims were his neighbors, sisters who were 7 and 8 years old when the abuse began. Garcia Cardiel was sentenced to consecutive terms of imprisonment of 15 years to life.
These complaints were filed in the Southern District of Florida, Northern District of Georgia, Southern District of Iowa, District of Maryland, Western District of Pennsylvania, Northern District of Texas, Southern District of Texas, District of Utah, and Western District of Washington.
The claims made in the complaints are allegations only, and there has been no determination of liability.
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Original text here: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-moves-revoke-us-citizenship-10-naturalized-criminals-including-child
Federal Home Loan Banks Office of Finance Announces the Election of Michael C. Bodson as New Board Chair
WASHINGTON, July 21 -- The Federal Home Loan Banks Office of Finance issued the following news release:
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Office of Finance Announces the Election of Michael C. Bodson as New Board Chair
The Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks) Office of Finance announced today that Michael C. Bodson has been elected to serve as Chair of its Board of Directors (Board), effective July 20, 2026.
Mr. Bodson has served as an Independent Director since July 2022. From 2012 to August 2022, Mr. Bodson was President and Chief Executive Officer of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) and a member of ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- The Federal Home Loan Banks Office of Finance issued the following news release: * * * Office of Finance Announces the Election of Michael C. Bodson as New Board Chair The Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks) Office of Finance announced today that Michael C. Bodson has been elected to serve as Chair of its Board of Directors (Board), effective July 20, 2026. Mr. Bodson has served as an Independent Director since July 2022. From 2012 to August 2022, Mr. Bodson was President and Chief Executive Officer of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) and a member ofDTCC's Board of Directors. He joined DTCC in 2007 as Executive Managing Director for Business Management and Strategy and subsequently served as DTCC's Chief Operating Officer from 2011 to 2012 with enterprise-wide responsibility for all information technology and operations. He also served as Chairman or President and Chief Executive Officer of various DTCC subsidiaries during his tenure with DTCC. Prior to DTCC, Mr. Bodson was a Managing Director and held senior management positions with Morgan Stanley over a 20-year period. He worked in internal audit at Bear Stearns and in audit at Price Waterhouse earlier in his career.
During his time at DTCC, Mr. Bodson was a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Fintech Advisory Group as well as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Systemic Resolution Advisory Committee. He was also a Financial Services Governor of the World Economic Forum, and he served on the boards of Digital Asset Holdings, The Red Cross for the New York region, The Greenwich Alliance for Education, and the Greenwich Board of Education. He currently is a Trustee for the Bruce Museum. Mr. Bodson graduated magna cum laude from Boston College.
Mr. Bodson succeeds Joel W. Motley as Board Chair, who is retiring from the Board after serving as Board Chair since 2023 and as an Independent Director since 2016. "The Board is grateful for Joel's dedication, leadership, and judgment over his years of service," said Mr. Bodson.
The FHLBanks have delivered innovation and service to the U.S. housing market since 1932, and currently have approximately 6,300 members serving all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. Please contact Tom Heinle at (703) 467-3646 or theinle@fhlb-of.com for additional information.
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Original text here: https://www.fhlb-of.com/news/office-of-finance-announces-the-election-of-michael-c-bodson-as-new-board-chair/
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Office of Finance Announces the Election of Michael C. Bodson as New Board Chair
The Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks) Office of Finance announced today that Michael C. Bodson has been elected to serve as Chair of its Board of Directors (Board), effective July 20, 2026.
Mr. Bodson has served as an Independent Director since July 2022. From 2012 to August 2022, Mr. Bodson was President and Chief Executive Officer of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) and a member of ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, July 21 -- The Federal Home Loan Banks Office of Finance issued the following news release: * * * Office of Finance Announces the Election of Michael C. Bodson as New Board Chair The Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks) Office of Finance announced today that Michael C. Bodson has been elected to serve as Chair of its Board of Directors (Board), effective July 20, 2026. Mr. Bodson has served as an Independent Director since July 2022. From 2012 to August 2022, Mr. Bodson was President and Chief Executive Officer of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) and a member ofDTCC's Board of Directors. He joined DTCC in 2007 as Executive Managing Director for Business Management and Strategy and subsequently served as DTCC's Chief Operating Officer from 2011 to 2012 with enterprise-wide responsibility for all information technology and operations. He also served as Chairman or President and Chief Executive Officer of various DTCC subsidiaries during his tenure with DTCC. Prior to DTCC, Mr. Bodson was a Managing Director and held senior management positions with Morgan Stanley over a 20-year period. He worked in internal audit at Bear Stearns and in audit at Price Waterhouse earlier in his career.
During his time at DTCC, Mr. Bodson was a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Fintech Advisory Group as well as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Systemic Resolution Advisory Committee. He was also a Financial Services Governor of the World Economic Forum, and he served on the boards of Digital Asset Holdings, The Red Cross for the New York region, The Greenwich Alliance for Education, and the Greenwich Board of Education. He currently is a Trustee for the Bruce Museum. Mr. Bodson graduated magna cum laude from Boston College.
Mr. Bodson succeeds Joel W. Motley as Board Chair, who is retiring from the Board after serving as Board Chair since 2023 and as an Independent Director since 2016. "The Board is grateful for Joel's dedication, leadership, and judgment over his years of service," said Mr. Bodson.
The FHLBanks have delivered innovation and service to the U.S. housing market since 1932, and currently have approximately 6,300 members serving all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. Please contact Tom Heinle at (703) 467-3646 or theinle@fhlb-of.com for additional information.
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Original text here: https://www.fhlb-of.com/news/office-of-finance-announces-the-election-of-michael-c-bodson-as-new-board-chair/
ERDC, USACE Mobile District Deploy Innovative 3D-Printed Oyster Reefs in Mobile Bay
VICKSBURG, Mississippi, July 21 -- The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center issued the following news story:
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ERDC, USACE Mobile District deploy innovative 3D-printed oyster reefs in Mobile Bay
By Justus Reed, Public Affairs Specialist
MOBILE, Alabama--Maintaining the nation's waterways requires removal of millions of cubic yards of sediment to keep navigation channels safe and reliable. A team at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is advancing a different way of thinking about material: rather than treating dredged sediment solely as something ... Show Full Article VICKSBURG, Mississippi, July 21 -- The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center issued the following news story: * * * ERDC, USACE Mobile District deploy innovative 3D-printed oyster reefs in Mobile Bay By Justus Reed, Public Affairs Specialist MOBILE, Alabama--Maintaining the nation's waterways requires removal of millions of cubic yards of sediment to keep navigation channels safe and reliable. A team at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is advancing a different way of thinking about material: rather than treating dredged sediment solely as somethingto manage, how can it be used as an engineering resource to strengthen coastal systems?
That question is being explored in Alabama's Mobile Bay, where storms, shoreline change, sediment processes and other environmental stressors have contributed to habitat loss and a decline in oyster populations. ERDC's Environmental Laboratory, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Mobile District and regional partners are evaluating whether dredged sediment can be transformed into 3D-printed structures to provide oyster habitat, improve shoreline resilience and expand beneficial use opportunities.
"The real opportunity is to keep sediment working within the coastal system and use it as a resource," said, Elizabeth Godsey, an USACE Regional Sediment Management and Engineering with Nature Practice Lead. "By combining dredged material with innovative design and printing methods, we can develop solutions that support navigation, restore habitat and increase coastal resilience".
Oysters have long played an important role in coastal Alabama as a keystone species and driver of economic development and ecology in the region. They are pivotal to the function of Alabama's estuaries through enhancements of water quality, offering habitat for other ecologically and economically important species, as well as influencing nearshore waves and sediment processes.
Engineers with the USACE Mobile District got the idea to replicate oyster reefs when they were introduced to ERDC's 3D printing technology and its design freedom, which can mimic nature's architecture and rapidly produce 3D-printed prototypes
"The idea came from observing how oysters naturally build reefs," Godsey said. "As oyster reefs grow, they filter and stabilize sediment while creating complex habitat. We asked whether we could use the same system's sediment already in the navigation channel as a building material to create structures that encourage new reef development."
Researches from ERDC-EL used sediment collected from the Blakeley Island Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), to fabricate 3D-printed oyster structures. The team developed a printable sediment-based mixture to produce domes that varied surfaces, openings, and internal geometry intended to provide stable substrate and habitat complexity.
"We are using fine-grained dredged sediment from Mobile Harbor as building material," said Dr. Al Kennedy, a research biologist with ERDC-EL. "The sediment that we collected from the Blakeley Island Confined Disposal Facility can restore CDF capacity after being scaled up. The layers and complex geometry of the printed domes provide microhabitats and surface structures that are ideal for larval colonization."
The oyster domes are showing promising results, as Kennedy said the nature-inspired structures are attracting barnacles and oysters -- adding value to the coastline they currently serve.
"The 3D oyster reefs are holding up and resilient to tides," said Kennedy. "Barnacles and Oysters are shown to like colonizing on the printed dredged sediment structures as much as the ideal reference material, terracotta. The models provide hard substrate where they previously didn't exist, expanding the oyster population. The oyster reefs also provide wave breaks and energy reduction while retaining more coastal sediment and reducing erosion."
Future phases of this project include analyzing oyster engagement with the sediment and immediate on-site 3D printing.
"We plan to compare structural durability and oyster colonization rates of all dredged sediment domes and domes that contain 10 percent oyster shell and 90 percent sediment," said Kennedy. "We will also use a hopper to continuously print sediment into structures, habitat structures and building materials. Additionally, we strive to print on-site and on-demand to reduce transportation costs and discover bio-inspired binders for the sediment."
"Every year we move millions of cubic yards of sediment to maintain our nations waterways." Godsey said. "The opportunity before us is to keep more sediment working within a coastal system, where it can continue providing ecological and engineering benefits. Projects like this help redefine what beneficial use can look like in the future".
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Original text here: https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/4550171/erdc-usace-mobile-district-deploy-innovative-3d-printed-oyster-reefs-in-mobile/
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ERDC, USACE Mobile District deploy innovative 3D-printed oyster reefs in Mobile Bay
By Justus Reed, Public Affairs Specialist
MOBILE, Alabama--Maintaining the nation's waterways requires removal of millions of cubic yards of sediment to keep navigation channels safe and reliable. A team at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is advancing a different way of thinking about material: rather than treating dredged sediment solely as something ... Show Full Article VICKSBURG, Mississippi, July 21 -- The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center issued the following news story: * * * ERDC, USACE Mobile District deploy innovative 3D-printed oyster reefs in Mobile Bay By Justus Reed, Public Affairs Specialist MOBILE, Alabama--Maintaining the nation's waterways requires removal of millions of cubic yards of sediment to keep navigation channels safe and reliable. A team at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is advancing a different way of thinking about material: rather than treating dredged sediment solely as somethingto manage, how can it be used as an engineering resource to strengthen coastal systems?
That question is being explored in Alabama's Mobile Bay, where storms, shoreline change, sediment processes and other environmental stressors have contributed to habitat loss and a decline in oyster populations. ERDC's Environmental Laboratory, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Mobile District and regional partners are evaluating whether dredged sediment can be transformed into 3D-printed structures to provide oyster habitat, improve shoreline resilience and expand beneficial use opportunities.
"The real opportunity is to keep sediment working within the coastal system and use it as a resource," said, Elizabeth Godsey, an USACE Regional Sediment Management and Engineering with Nature Practice Lead. "By combining dredged material with innovative design and printing methods, we can develop solutions that support navigation, restore habitat and increase coastal resilience".
Oysters have long played an important role in coastal Alabama as a keystone species and driver of economic development and ecology in the region. They are pivotal to the function of Alabama's estuaries through enhancements of water quality, offering habitat for other ecologically and economically important species, as well as influencing nearshore waves and sediment processes.
Engineers with the USACE Mobile District got the idea to replicate oyster reefs when they were introduced to ERDC's 3D printing technology and its design freedom, which can mimic nature's architecture and rapidly produce 3D-printed prototypes
"The idea came from observing how oysters naturally build reefs," Godsey said. "As oyster reefs grow, they filter and stabilize sediment while creating complex habitat. We asked whether we could use the same system's sediment already in the navigation channel as a building material to create structures that encourage new reef development."
Researches from ERDC-EL used sediment collected from the Blakeley Island Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), to fabricate 3D-printed oyster structures. The team developed a printable sediment-based mixture to produce domes that varied surfaces, openings, and internal geometry intended to provide stable substrate and habitat complexity.
"We are using fine-grained dredged sediment from Mobile Harbor as building material," said Dr. Al Kennedy, a research biologist with ERDC-EL. "The sediment that we collected from the Blakeley Island Confined Disposal Facility can restore CDF capacity after being scaled up. The layers and complex geometry of the printed domes provide microhabitats and surface structures that are ideal for larval colonization."
The oyster domes are showing promising results, as Kennedy said the nature-inspired structures are attracting barnacles and oysters -- adding value to the coastline they currently serve.
"The 3D oyster reefs are holding up and resilient to tides," said Kennedy. "Barnacles and Oysters are shown to like colonizing on the printed dredged sediment structures as much as the ideal reference material, terracotta. The models provide hard substrate where they previously didn't exist, expanding the oyster population. The oyster reefs also provide wave breaks and energy reduction while retaining more coastal sediment and reducing erosion."
Future phases of this project include analyzing oyster engagement with the sediment and immediate on-site 3D printing.
"We plan to compare structural durability and oyster colonization rates of all dredged sediment domes and domes that contain 10 percent oyster shell and 90 percent sediment," said Kennedy. "We will also use a hopper to continuously print sediment into structures, habitat structures and building materials. Additionally, we strive to print on-site and on-demand to reduce transportation costs and discover bio-inspired binders for the sediment."
"Every year we move millions of cubic yards of sediment to maintain our nations waterways." Godsey said. "The opportunity before us is to keep more sediment working within a coastal system, where it can continue providing ecological and engineering benefits. Projects like this help redefine what beneficial use can look like in the future".
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Original text here: https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/4550171/erdc-usace-mobile-district-deploy-innovative-3d-printed-oyster-reefs-in-mobile/