Think Tanks
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Ifo Institute: Career Entrants in Germany With Modern Vocational Training Earn More
MUNICH, Germany, March 20 (TNSxrep) -- ifo Institute issued the following news release on March 19, 2026:
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Career Entrants in Germany with Modern Vocational Training Earn More
Career entrants in Germany earn 3.3 percent more on average thanks to modernized training adapted to technical progress. That's according to a recent study by the ifo Institute on the influence of technological change on vocational training in Germany. Where vocational training has been adapted to technical progress, it leads to wage losses for older skilled workers (aged 55 to 65) of up to 10 percent. "Professions
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MUNICH, Germany, March 20 (TNSxrep) -- ifo Institute issued the following news release on March 19, 2026:
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Career Entrants in Germany with Modern Vocational Training Earn More
Career entrants in Germany earn 3.3 percent more on average thanks to modernized training adapted to technical progress. That's according to a recent study by the ifo Institute on the influence of technological change on vocational training in Germany. Where vocational training has been adapted to technical progress, it leads to wage losses for older skilled workers (aged 55 to 65) of up to 10 percent. "Professionshave fundamentally changed as a result of technological progress. It's not solely completing the training itself that is crucial, but also what is taught in the training curriculum," says ifo researcher Cacilia vom Baur.
Modernized training curricula focus primarily on teaching trainees new skills required by non-routine work. "Although the training content particularly for professions that are heavily affected by technological change has been modernized much more frequently, sufficient attention is still not paid in many training curricula to technical progress," says vom Baur.
According to the study, around 40 percent of training curricula for professions that are affected to a high degree by technological change remained unchanged even after 15 years. For professions only slightly affected by technology, the figure is even around 70 percent. "Training regulations adapted to the state of the art can significantly improve wages for new skilled workers. At the same time, providing further training for older skilled workers is becoming increasingly relevant, to ensure that they don't get left behind by technological change," say vom Baur.
The study covers data from 756 state-approved vocational training courses. The researchers linked the data with the development of US patents regarded as an indicator of technological progress. To measure how much training professions are affected by new technologies, the study compared the texts of the training regulations with patent texts.
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Original text here: ifo.de/en/detail-suche?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=bundle.keyword&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=pressemitteilung&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=bundle.keyword&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=pressemitteilung&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=bundle.keyword&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=pressemitteilung&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=bundle.keyword&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=pressemitteilung&sort-field=_score&sort-direction=desc
[Category: ThinkTank]
Center of the American Experiment Issues Commentary: Gov. Tim Walz's Cynical Education Tradeoff
GOLDEN VALLEY, Minnesota, March 19 -- The Center of the American Experiment, a civic and educational organization that says it creates and advocates policies, issued the following commentary on March 18, 2026, by policy fellow Catrin Wigfall:
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Gov. Tim Walz's cynical education tradeoff
Gov. Tim Walz's new supplemental budget recommendations would end longstanding nonpublic pupil aid and transportation aid if Minnesota opts into a federal tax-credit scholarship program that would cost the state nothing. The money currently supporting nonpublic students would then be redirected to the state's
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GOLDEN VALLEY, Minnesota, March 19 -- The Center of the American Experiment, a civic and educational organization that says it creates and advocates policies, issued the following commentary on March 18, 2026, by policy fellow Catrin Wigfall:
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Gov. Tim Walz's cynical education tradeoff
Gov. Tim Walz's new supplemental budget recommendations would end longstanding nonpublic pupil aid and transportation aid if Minnesota opts into a federal tax-credit scholarship program that would cost the state nothing. The money currently supporting nonpublic students would then be redirected to the state'sVoluntary Prekindergarten (VPK) program.
The governor's proposal looks simple on paper. If Minnesota opts into what he calls a federal "voucher" program, cut state nonpublic pupil aid and shift those dollars to VPK under the claim of "budget neutrality." In reality, this is a forced tradeoff.
Redirecting these funds into VPK underscores the political games at play. Pitting early childhood education against K-12 support for nonpublic students is a false choice. Minnesota can, and already does, support both. Instead, the governor has chosen a zero-sum approach, treating certain students' needs as expendable.
The labeling of the federal program as a "voucher" is also misleading. Tax-credit scholarship programs are not vouchers -- they rely on private donations that earn tax credits, not direct government payments. Courts across the country have repeatedly recognized this distinction. Vouchers can only be used toward nonpublic school tuition. This federal tax-credit scholarship can be used by students in all school settings and toward a variety of education services. By mislabeling the program as a "voucher," Gov. Walz hides the tradeoff at the heart of his proposal.
Nonpublic pupil aid and transportation aid exist because the state supports "promot[ing] equal educational opportunity for every student in Minnesota," no matter where they go to school. Eliminating aid for essential services such as testing, textbooks, counseling, and nursing, which makes up less than half a percent of the state's education budget, undermines that principle.
Minnesota could opt into the federal tax-credit scholarship program without cutting existing support. Because participating in the program would cost the state nothing, there is no fiscal reason to eliminate the nonpublic aid.
The governor's proposal is cynical and penalizes participation in the federal tax-credit scholarship program, risking harm to both nonpublic and public school students. Minnesotans deserve better than this political sleight of hand.
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Catrin Wigfall is a Policy Fellow at Center of the American Experiment.
catrin.wigfall@americanexperiment.org
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Original text here: https://www.americanexperiment.org/gov-tim-walzs-cynical-education-tradeoff/
[Category: ThinkTank]
Capital Research, January 2026
WASHINGTON, March 19 -- The Capital Research Center posted the following news on March 18, 2026:
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Capital Research, January 2026
An update on the Newman's Own Foundation lawsuit and more fill the January 2026 issue of Capital Research magazine.
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CRC is pleased to announce that the January 2026 issue of Capital Research is now available online.
Here's a peek at what's inside:
* Neil Hrab: The Newman's Own Foundation: Can litigation restore donor intent? (https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-newmans-own-foundation-can-litigation-restore-donor-intent/)
* Hayden Ludwig: Inside the
... Show Full Article
WASHINGTON, March 19 -- The Capital Research Center posted the following news on March 18, 2026:
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Capital Research, January 2026
An update on the Newman's Own Foundation lawsuit and more fill the January 2026 issue of Capital Research magazine.
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CRC is pleased to announce that the January 2026 issue of Capital Research is now available online.
Here's a peek at what's inside:
* Neil Hrab: The Newman's Own Foundation: Can litigation restore donor intent? (https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-newmans-own-foundation-can-litigation-restore-donor-intent/)
* Hayden Ludwig: Inside theabortion pill war rocking America (https://capitalresearch.org/article/inside-the-abortion-pill-war-rocking-america/)
* Kali Fontanilla: The business model of the abortion industrial complex (https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-business-model-of-the-abortion-industrial-complex/)
* Robert Stilson: Socialism and the soul of the Packard Foundation (https://capitalresearch.org/article/socialism-and-the-soul-of-the-packard-foundation/)
And a timeline of the Capital Research Center's highlights for 2026!
The PDF is available by clicking on the link below:
This article is available in PDF form for offline reading (https://capitalresearch.org/app/uploads/Jan-26-IssuePDF.pdf).
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Original text here: https://capitalresearch.org/article/capital-research-january-2026/
[Category: ThinkTank]
CSIS: 'Trump's New Nuclear Architecture for Modernization and Arms Control'
WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 13, 2026 by Heather Williams and Nicholas Adamopoulos entitled "Trump's New Nuclear Architecture for Modernization and Arms Control."
Here are excerpts:
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The Issue
Expanding upon the National Defense Strategy (NDS), Under Secretary of State for Arms Control Thomas DiNanno recently announced a new nuclear architecture "that addresses the threats of today, not those of a bygone era," including nonstrategic nuclear weapons (NSNWs) and China's growing nuclear arsenal.
Facing
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WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 13, 2026 by Heather Williams and Nicholas Adamopoulos entitled "Trump's New Nuclear Architecture for Modernization and Arms Control."
Here are excerpts:
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The Issue
Expanding upon the National Defense Strategy (NDS), Under Secretary of State for Arms Control Thomas DiNanno recently announced a new nuclear architecture "that addresses the threats of today, not those of a bygone era," including nonstrategic nuclear weapons (NSNWs) and China's growing nuclear arsenal.
Facingthis increasingly volatile security environment, the United States under the Trump administration must simultaneously modernize its nuclear arsenal and pursue arms control and risk reduction measures.
To deter adversaries and manage escalation especially in theater conflicts, the United States may need to diversify and expand its nuclear arsenal, including by investing in nuclear-capable standoff weapons.
Following this new architecture, the administration should also continue to work toward arms control agreements with both China and Russia, including risk reduction measures, such as a Presidential Nuclear Summit.
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The report is posted at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/trumps-new-nuclear-architecture-modernization-and-arms-control
[Category: Think Tank]
CSIS: 'Enter Europe's Cyber Deterrence'
WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 10, 2026 by Alexander Klimburg entitled "Enter Europe's Cyber Deterrence."
Here is the executive summary:
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Europe has entered a gray zone between peace and war. Russian hybrid warfare campaigns dominate the environment, leveraging cyber and information mechanisms to erode European cohesion and capacity without triggering a conventional military response. The implicit EU digital deterrence strategy--countering cyberattacks and information warfare through norms, entanglement,
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WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 10, 2026 by Alexander Klimburg entitled "Enter Europe's Cyber Deterrence."
Here is the executive summary:
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Europe has entered a gray zone between peace and war. Russian hybrid warfare campaigns dominate the environment, leveraging cyber and information mechanisms to erode European cohesion and capacity without triggering a conventional military response. The implicit EU digital deterrence strategy--countering cyberattacks and information warfare through norms, entanglement,and resilience--does not sufficiently inhibit Russian hybrid campaigns. Moreover, the ability of the NATO to deter aggression by promising overwhelming retaliation largely based on U.S. capabilities aligns poorly with the scope of the Russian threat.
Instead, Europe must adopt a posture of compellence and independent deterrence, embracing cyber and information capabilities as a central instrument of statecraft. Neither the European Union nor NATO is structurally equipped to deliver the two necessary pillars of European cyber deterrence: (1) strategic operations in wartime and (2) gray zone compellence to counter hybrid warfare activities. Additionally, Europe remains highly dependent on U.S. cyber capabilities, creating strategic risk as U.S. involvement in European security declines.
To mitigate Europe's structural cyber vulnerabilities, this paper proposes a coalition of the willing: a European Cyber Operations Group (ECOG).
* Overview: a select group of nations operating under the European Intervention Initiative or a similar structure to strengthen the European component of NATO's "cyber umbrella." The ECOG would provide a single unified front with which to engage in counter-hybrid warfare cyber operations that could be considered countermeasures under international law.
* Method of Operation: a corkscrew governance framework--an adaptive coordination model that allows actors to draw on different levels of support, participation, and institutional anchoring depending on the mission.
* Enabling Factors: substantial support and novel initiatives across three pillars.
* Targeted Strategic Investment: Members must invest heavily in key capabilities, leveraging existing defense-oriented financial instruments.
* Modernized Procurement: To convert investment into capability, ECOG must bypass sluggish acquisition cycles by adopting new and existing frameworks.
* Elite Workforce Development: Acknowledging a massive shortfall in cyber professionals, ECOG should focus on personnel quality.
If Europe recognizes the integrated threat posed by Russian cyber and information operations and builds a cohesive capacity to withstand and respond, it can change Russia's strategic calculus and discourage future bellicose behavior.
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The report is posted at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/enter-europes-cyber-deterrence
[Category: Think Tank]
CSIS: 'Energy Infrastructure and the Defense Industrial Base'
WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 17, 2026 by Joseph Majkut, Alexander Palmer and Raj Sawhney entitled "Energy Infrastructure and the Defense Industrial Base."
Here are excerpts:
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The Issue
Can the energy infrastructure serving the U.S. defense industrial base sustain production under mobilization? This paper focuses on three scenarios for mobilization consistent with baseline production, defense buildup, and peer war. Using embodied energy methods, the research team estimates that war production rates
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WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 17, 2026 by Joseph Majkut, Alexander Palmer and Raj Sawhney entitled "Energy Infrastructure and the Defense Industrial Base."
Here are excerpts:
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The Issue
Can the energy infrastructure serving the U.S. defense industrial base sustain production under mobilization? This paper focuses on three scenarios for mobilization consistent with baseline production, defense buildup, and peer war. Using embodied energy methods, the research team estimates that war production rateswould require 17.4 petajoules (PJ) of energy annually, a relatively small amount nationally, but one that would need to be concentrated at facilities in already stressed grid regions. Facilities for the defense-critical production of steel, aluminum, titanium, and semiconductors are clustered in regions already facing eroding reserve margins and surging data center demands. Natural gas deliverability constraints compound these risks, as key facilities depend on gas both as direct fuel and as the primary source of regional electricity generation. This paper recommends extending defense-critical electric infrastructure designations to industrial nodes, creating dedicated permitting and finance pathways to facilitate energy production, and integrating energy resilience into supply chain risk assessments.
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The report is posted at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/energy-infrastructure-and-defense-industrial-base
[Category: Think Tank]
CSIS: 'Deterrence at Scale: Cross-Theater Defense Cooperation in an Age of Precise Mass'
WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 10, 2026 by Luis Simon entitled "Deterrence at Scale: Cross-Theater Defense Cooperation in an Age of Precise Mass."
Here is the executive summary:
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This report examines the emerging opportunities and structural constraints of cross-theater defense industrial cooperation between Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific allies in an era of protracted great power competition and "precise mass" warfare. While these regions have traditionally been treated as distinct strategic theaters,
... Show Full Article
WASHINGTON, March 19 (TNSLrpt) -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following report on March 10, 2026 by Luis Simon entitled "Deterrence at Scale: Cross-Theater Defense Cooperation in an Age of Precise Mass."
Here is the executive summary:
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This report examines the emerging opportunities and structural constraints of cross-theater defense industrial cooperation between Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific allies in an era of protracted great power competition and "precise mass" warfare. While these regions have traditionally been treated as distinct strategic theaters,the report argues that they now confront a converging operational challenge: implementing deterrence by denial against nuclear-armed adversaries employing anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) strategies and large-scale attrition.
Drawing on lessons from Ukraine, the Middle East, and Indo-Pacific contingency planning, the analysis highlights a systemic shift away from reliance on small numbers of exquisite platforms toward scalable, attritable, and networked capabilities. The report assesses Europe's rapid but uneven defense industrial rearmament, contrasts it with U.S. technological leadership and Indo-Pacific strengths in maritime and electronics manufacturing, and identifies complementarities across allied industrial bases.
Three alternative models for cross-theater cooperation--bifurcation, cooperation, and integration--are evaluated, before advancing a logic of selective alignment based on standardization versus regional customization. The report concludes that a selectively integrated deterrence ecosystem centered on fungible capabilities, shared standards, and coordinated surge capacity offers the most politically feasible and strategically effective path for strengthening allied denial strategies across both theaters.
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The report is posted at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/deterrence-scale-cross-theater-defense-cooperation-age-precise-mass
[Category: Think Tank]
