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Rand Issues Commentary: Public Benefits Are a Hidden Engine of College Completion
SANTA MONICA, California, Aug. 6 -- Rand issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by senior behavioral and social scientist Dana Thomson and Renee Ryberg, senior research scientist at Child Trends:
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Public Benefits Are a Hidden Engine of College Completion
When Congress tightened work requirements for federal benefit programs in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act last summer, the rationale was familiar: Benefits should be a pathway to self-sufficiency. Get people into a job, the logic goes, and the rest follows.
This work-first framework, however, leaves out something research shows ... Show Full Article SANTA MONICA, California, Aug. 6 -- Rand issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by senior behavioral and social scientist Dana Thomson and Renee Ryberg, senior research scientist at Child Trends: * * * Public Benefits Are a Hidden Engine of College Completion When Congress tightened work requirements for federal benefit programs in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act last summer, the rationale was familiar: Benefits should be a pathway to self-sufficiency. Get people into a job, the logic goes, and the rest follows. This work-first framework, however, leaves out something research showsmatters enormously for long-term economic well-being: education beyond high school.
Our newly published study of nearly 3,800 low-income young adults finds that federal public benefits--including the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Medicaid, or food and housing assistance--help people invest in college credentials. The result is higher earnings, lower poverty rates, and greater upward mobility in the years that follow. Designed with this in mind, benefits could do more.
We used nearly 30 years of data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to construct a nationally representative sample of low-income young adults aged 18 to 35: what public assistance each received, what educational decisions each made, and what their economic circumstances looked like as they approached 40.
Two findings stood out. Young adults who received the EITC in a given year were 36 percent more likely to enroll in post-high school education the following year than in years they did not receive it. And they were 63 percent more likely to enroll if they received food aid through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The trends we saw didn't stem from some subgroup with particularly high motivation; we were comparing the same person's behavior from one year to the next. These associations also held true even after controlling for age, family income, whether they had children, and stable individual characteristics.
So, what's going on here? It is often short-run financial constraints--not enough money to cover rent, food, or basic expenses while also paying for school--that keep young adults out of the classroom. Public benefits appear to relieve enough pressure to make enrollment possible.
Once enrolled, benefits also help students stay. Food and housing insecurity are two of the main reasons people leave college without finishing, earlier research has shown. Consistent with that, we found that each additional year students received the EITC while enrolled was associated with 40 percent higher odds of graduating.
The payoff is substantial. The low-income young adults in our study who got a bachelor's were making about $18,400 more a year by their late 30s or early 40s than peers who worked but did not pursue education beyond high school. Graduate degree holders earned roughly $40,600 more. Associate degree recipients didn't get the wage premium, but they showed significantly lower poverty rates and were more likely to earn more than their parents did--a concrete measure of economic mobility.
You might think financial aid--scholarships, loans, work-study--should handle this. But financial aid only reaches people who already made it through the door. Public benefits do something different: They help people clear the enrollment hurdle before financial aid kicks in. Once in school, the combination of benefits and financial aid helps low-income students stay and finish.
Yet too often benefit program rules work against that goal. For instance, students enrolled at least half-time in higher education generally cannot receive SNAP. Exceptions exist for those in a work-study program or employed at least 20 hours per week. But research consistently finds that when students spend that many hours at a job, their academic progress begins to suffer.
That's the core tension our findings highlight: Benefit program rules treat education and employment as competing priorities when they are, in fact, complementary paths to the same destination. That means benefit programs should be designed not solely to incentivize immediate employment, but also to support workforce advancement. This is especially true as more and more jobs--including essential ones in health care, technology, and the skilled trades--require formal credentials.
Practical steps are available right now. Policymakers could revisit rules that leave many college students ineligible for food assistance regardless of their income or circumstances. States can also use the flexibility they already have, including the ability to count enrollment in workforce-linked college programs as meeting work requirements--something several states have already done. And most campuses would benefit from coordinating the siloed financial aid and public benefit systems so that low-income students don't fall through the cracks.
The students in our study aren't abstractions. They're the future nurses, engineers, and skilled tradespeople we depend on--many of them studying at the community colleges and regional public universities that this country built to enable economic mobility.
The debate over public benefits often proceeds as though there's only one route toward self-sufficiency. Our data suggest there are at least two. Good policy doesn't force a choice between them. It opens both doors.
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Original text here: https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2026/08/public-benefits-are-a-hidden-engine-of-college-completion.html
[Category: ThinkTank]
* * *
Public Benefits Are a Hidden Engine of College Completion
When Congress tightened work requirements for federal benefit programs in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act last summer, the rationale was familiar: Benefits should be a pathway to self-sufficiency. Get people into a job, the logic goes, and the rest follows.
This work-first framework, however, leaves out something research shows ... Show Full Article SANTA MONICA, California, Aug. 6 -- Rand issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by senior behavioral and social scientist Dana Thomson and Renee Ryberg, senior research scientist at Child Trends: * * * Public Benefits Are a Hidden Engine of College Completion When Congress tightened work requirements for federal benefit programs in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act last summer, the rationale was familiar: Benefits should be a pathway to self-sufficiency. Get people into a job, the logic goes, and the rest follows. This work-first framework, however, leaves out something research showsmatters enormously for long-term economic well-being: education beyond high school.
Our newly published study of nearly 3,800 low-income young adults finds that federal public benefits--including the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Medicaid, or food and housing assistance--help people invest in college credentials. The result is higher earnings, lower poverty rates, and greater upward mobility in the years that follow. Designed with this in mind, benefits could do more.
We used nearly 30 years of data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to construct a nationally representative sample of low-income young adults aged 18 to 35: what public assistance each received, what educational decisions each made, and what their economic circumstances looked like as they approached 40.
Two findings stood out. Young adults who received the EITC in a given year were 36 percent more likely to enroll in post-high school education the following year than in years they did not receive it. And they were 63 percent more likely to enroll if they received food aid through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The trends we saw didn't stem from some subgroup with particularly high motivation; we were comparing the same person's behavior from one year to the next. These associations also held true even after controlling for age, family income, whether they had children, and stable individual characteristics.
So, what's going on here? It is often short-run financial constraints--not enough money to cover rent, food, or basic expenses while also paying for school--that keep young adults out of the classroom. Public benefits appear to relieve enough pressure to make enrollment possible.
Once enrolled, benefits also help students stay. Food and housing insecurity are two of the main reasons people leave college without finishing, earlier research has shown. Consistent with that, we found that each additional year students received the EITC while enrolled was associated with 40 percent higher odds of graduating.
The payoff is substantial. The low-income young adults in our study who got a bachelor's were making about $18,400 more a year by their late 30s or early 40s than peers who worked but did not pursue education beyond high school. Graduate degree holders earned roughly $40,600 more. Associate degree recipients didn't get the wage premium, but they showed significantly lower poverty rates and were more likely to earn more than their parents did--a concrete measure of economic mobility.
You might think financial aid--scholarships, loans, work-study--should handle this. But financial aid only reaches people who already made it through the door. Public benefits do something different: They help people clear the enrollment hurdle before financial aid kicks in. Once in school, the combination of benefits and financial aid helps low-income students stay and finish.
Yet too often benefit program rules work against that goal. For instance, students enrolled at least half-time in higher education generally cannot receive SNAP. Exceptions exist for those in a work-study program or employed at least 20 hours per week. But research consistently finds that when students spend that many hours at a job, their academic progress begins to suffer.
That's the core tension our findings highlight: Benefit program rules treat education and employment as competing priorities when they are, in fact, complementary paths to the same destination. That means benefit programs should be designed not solely to incentivize immediate employment, but also to support workforce advancement. This is especially true as more and more jobs--including essential ones in health care, technology, and the skilled trades--require formal credentials.
Practical steps are available right now. Policymakers could revisit rules that leave many college students ineligible for food assistance regardless of their income or circumstances. States can also use the flexibility they already have, including the ability to count enrollment in workforce-linked college programs as meeting work requirements--something several states have already done. And most campuses would benefit from coordinating the siloed financial aid and public benefit systems so that low-income students don't fall through the cracks.
The students in our study aren't abstractions. They're the future nurses, engineers, and skilled tradespeople we depend on--many of them studying at the community colleges and regional public universities that this country built to enable economic mobility.
The debate over public benefits often proceeds as though there's only one route toward self-sufficiency. Our data suggest there are at least two. Good policy doesn't force a choice between them. It opens both doors.
* * *
Original text here: https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2026/08/public-benefits-are-a-hidden-engine-of-college-completion.html
[Category: ThinkTank]
Jamestown Foundation Issues Commentary: Space Sector is Test Bed for New Whole-of-Nation System
WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The Jamestown Foundation issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by Kristin Burke, senior space and counterspace researcher at the China Aerospace Studies Institute under the U.S. Air Force's Air University, in the foundation's China Brief:
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Space Sector is Test Bed for New Whole-of-Nation System
Executive Summary:
* The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) recent restructuring of its space sector illustrates the implementation of its "new-style whole-of-nation system" for innovation, again using the space program as a leading test bed for new approaches to manage ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The Jamestown Foundation issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by Kristin Burke, senior space and counterspace researcher at the China Aerospace Studies Institute under the U.S. Air Force's Air University, in the foundation's China Brief: * * * Space Sector is Test Bed for New Whole-of-Nation System Executive Summary: * The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) recent restructuring of its space sector illustrates the implementation of its "new-style whole-of-nation system" for innovation, again using the space program as a leading test bed for new approaches to managehigh-risk, high-reward investments.
* The People's Republic of China (PRC) has announced further integration of its crewed and robotic lunar exploration programs, and set up separate offices to support and regulate the commercial space sector and the deep space exploration and science program. Together, these new offices align the PRC's space governance with broader CCP priorities to strengthen Party leadership while expanding the role of basic research and market-driven innovation.
* These changes are intended to improve coordination ahead of the PRC's first attempt at a crewed lunar landing before 2030, while positioning the space sector to be a "pillar" of national economic development. Although the restructuring may improve efficiency, it also creates potential risks in organizational complexity for the PRC. For the United States, it provides some information transparency but also increased competition for leadership.
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On April 9, when providing an update on the arrival of its next lunar exploration probe to the Wenchang Launch Center, the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) China Manned Space Engineering (CMSE) office stated that it would deepen the integration of the crewed and robotic lunar missions "in order to leverage the strength of the new-style whole-of-nation system" (CCTV, April 10). Some western researchers had been anticipating this move. Domestic media in the People's Republic of China (PRC), however, were surprised with CMSE's casual announcement that it seemed to be absorbing the robotic lunar program, formerly managed by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) (CASI, July 25, 2022; Guancha, April 17). [1]
CMSE provided more detail in a May 23 press conference. In response to Chinese media requests for information, a spokesperson for the office explained that it was integrating existing crewed lunar landing and uncrewed lunar exploration initiatives across three dimensions: missions, resources, and teams. He said that this integrated effort would be designated as the "Lunar Exploration Program" (CMSE, May 23). Given that related organizations within the space sector already cooperate, deeper integration in this case most likely refers to joint planning on schedules and resources beyond mission critical systems, such as support systems, similar to NASA's regrouping for the Artemis Program (NASA, November 15, 2021).
Deeper coordination is logical. The two remaining China Lunar Exploration Program missions are increasingly related to preparations for the PRC's first attempt at a crewed lunar landing before 2030. The first, Chang'e 7, will launch before the end of 2026, while Chang'e 8 is set to launch before 2029 (CNSA, April 24, 2025; Xinhua, July 13). It is too early, however, to determine if the PRC will set up a new organization under CMSE to coordinate or simply continue the historical leading small group structure (CASI, July 25, 2022). [2]
New Whole-of-Nation System Starts With Space Sector Reorganization
The "new-style whole-of-nation system" is a Party doctrine formalized in 2022 initiating a national mobilization and an institutional framework for long-term competitiveness (CCP Members Net, September 8, 2022; Guangming Daily, September 30, 2022; China Brief, June 16, 2025). Party documents describe it as an initiative led by scientific research and market forces, and flowing multi-directionally among academic, civilian, and military players (Naughton et al., July 2023; People's Daily, August 23, 2024). [3] To lead implementation of the new innovation system, the CCP also established a new Central Science and Technology Commission (21st Century Business Herald, April 8, 2023). The space sector has been central to this system from its first references in central-level planning documents in advance of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). In 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping credited it for the Chang'e 4 and Chang'e 5 lunar missions, which included the PRC's first soft landing on the far side of the moon (Beijing Daily, July 15, 2019).
The only similarity between the new and old whole-of-nation innovation efforts is the role of the space sector, which will again be the test bed for developing new mechanisms that reliably manage high-risk, high-reward investments and timelines. A Chinese media commentator argued that nationwide mobilization and investment into science and technology is "the only way" for the PRC's crewed lunar program to succeed. As evidence, he cited the U.S. decision in the 1960s to merge the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force rocket programs and establish NASA (Guancha, April 17). The new system is otherwise unlike past efforts, like the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" program that successfully achieved a limited number of high-priority objectives using technology absorption and reverse engineering. It instead will command resources across the PRC's now vast economy to go beyond parity in existing technologies and attempt to get ahead in a larger category of emerging sectors (People's Daily, August 23, 2024). It will emphasize original innovation over incremental innovation, and "curve overtaking" blending the best innovation practices with "Chinese characteristics" (Xinhua, June 9, 2014; CCP Members Net, September 8, 2022; China Economic Weekly, April 3, 2023).
Space integration efforts to date have included not just merging the crewed and robotic lunar programs, but also several additional sectoral and organizational changes. After the fourth plenary session of the CCP Central Committee in November 2025, the PRC designated the aerospace sector a "pillar industry", a historical term for sectors that support national development, usually large upstream or infrastructure-linked industries (People's Daily, October 23, 2025; CCTV, April 11). This is a significant designation. While space has long been a national strategic priority, it will now underpin the national economy and, like the transportation and petrochemical sectors, will get preferential treatment for longer planning horizons (RAND, June 11). [4]
CMSE has also opened the astronaut program to civilian applicants and designated the Chinese Space Station (CSS) a "national space lab" to enable broader usage and experimentation in space (YouTube, March 10, 2021; CASI, August 2023; CMSE, January 8). [5] As of Shenzhou-13, which launched in late 2021, six non-PLA astronauts have entered the CSS (CMSE, October 29, 2024; Author research, 2026). A former PLA lab under the CSS also has been redesignated a non-PLA state national lab (CASI, October 2025). [6]
Efforts to support space science are also expanding. In line with the CCP's formalization of the new system in 2022, Anhui Province, CNSA, and the University of Science and Technology of China accepted China Lunar Exploration Program Chief Designer Wu Weiren's proposal for a Deep Space Exploration Lab (DSEL). This lab will support space science programs like the Tiandu test satellites in lunar orbit and the Tianwen exploration missions, which are currently distinct from the Chang'e program (State Council Information Office [SCIO], February 27, 2022; STDaily, May 28, 2025). The Tianwen program includes Mars exploration, as well as the ongoing Tianwen-2 asteroid sample return mission that is set to return in 2027 (State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense, September 23, 2025).
As a new space organization, DSEL builds on momentum from the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter and lander that launched at the end of the 13th five-year plan period in 2020. The lab will jointly implement many of the new initiatives outlined in the first "National Mid- and Long-term Plan for Space Science in China (2024-2050)" (2024--2050)) (CNSA, October 15, 2024; China Brief, November 5, 2024). It will also lead the PRC's first planned planetary defense mission, announced in the country's last space white paper (SCIO, January 28, 2022; China Science Daily, September 5, 2025). Wu Weiren and other DSEL leadership have echoed the CCP's language for a whole-of-nation system. For instance, speeches at the inaugural Deep Space Economy and Industry Development Conference in 2025 referenced collaboration mechanisms like "government leadership + market participation" and "national team + private sector" models (China Space News, November 11, 2025).
The PRC has made other sectoral and regulatory adjustments to support the other leading force in the whole-of-nation system: the market. Since State Council guidance opened several strategic sectors to private investment for the first time in 2014, to include space launch and remote sensing, the country's commercial space sector has steadily grown (SCIO, November 16, 2014). The trend is likely to persist. In 2023, the government designated the commercial space sector a "strategic and emerging industry"--distinct from a "pillar" industry--which has unlocked state preferential policies and provincial investment (National Development and Reform Commission, December 22, 2023). Chinese regulators define "commercial space projects" as those "not included in national or military research plans and not using central government funds" (CNSA, July 16, 2025). To streamline regulation, in late 2025, CNSA announced it had established a Commercial Space Department (Xinhua, November 29, 2025). CNSA's new director, Shan Zhongde, has also echoed the importance of the Party's new-style whole-of-nation system in recent roundtables with the commercial space sector (People's Finance News, April 27; Eastmoney, April May 5).
The PRC's adjusted space program reflects lessons it has learned from the historical and current U.S. space program. For instance, it seems to be following the U.S. model for a first crewed lunar landing with a "whole-of-nation" strategy initially reliant on military astronauts. The first U.S. civilian astronaut to participate in a crewed lunar mission was Harrison "Jack" Schmitt during the last Apollo 17 mission in 1972. Unlike the United States during the space race, however, the PRC is attempting a lunar landing while at the same time growing a strong Earth orbit astronaut program. CMSE plans to host its first international astronaut at the CSS later this year (CMSE, May 23). Its announcement that it is more deeply integrating the crewed and robotic lunar exploration programs may help it focus on lunar orbit, but may indicate possible capacity and safety shortfalls at the CSS. An alternative possibility is that the now six civilian astronauts can take a larger role in CSS management and deepen international science collaboration.
There are opportunities and risks for the United States from this reorganization. One positive is that it brings more clarity to when and where to get relevant information. With CMSE in charge of lunar coordination, it will have a larger speaking role at televised State Council briefings, not only niche CMSE Shenzhou briefings. The PRC's increasing differentiation of and support for its exploration, science, and commercial space programs, however, may also expand future space competition beyond strategic national programs to commercial and human capital competitiveness.
Coordination, Commercialization, and Securitization Could Signal Further Changes
The PRC's last significant bureaucratic change to its space program was the creation of CNSA in 1993. At least three signals will likely indicate its next significant space governance reorganization. The first is closer DSEL coordination with CMSE. The PRC plans a crewed Mars mission for the late 2040s (CASI, May 2025). [7] DSEL's robotic Mars missions will probably need to more deeply align with planning for CMSE's crewed Mars mission well in advance. Relatedly, to coordinate the ground segment and support DSEL planetary defense mission planning, the CNSA established a new Asteroid Monitoring and Early Warning Research Center in June 2026 (CNSA, July 2). Asteroid early warning is necessary for crews on the Moon and Mars, and the United States in the past considered a crewed asteroid mission (NASA JPL, April 10, 2013).
The second is further commercialization of the CSS. If CNSA's Commercial Space Department takes on a larger role in facilitating more non-state-owned enterprise commercial participation, that could indicate that the PRC can more quickly commercialize the CSS as an orbital national lab and further compete with the International Space Station's incremental commercialization plans (U.S. Government Accountability Office, June 17).
The third is subsuming CMSE under the PLA Aerospace Force (ASF). The Central Military Commission (CMC) formalized the ASF in April 2024 as just one of many changes in how the country administers its national space program (China Brief, April 26, 2024, July 11, 2025). Chinese astronauts wear CMC patches, not ASF patches, and a shift would be significant for astronauts in Earth and lunar orbit (Author research, 2026). While the ASF may claim a need for enhanced monitoring in lunar orbit for national security space situational awareness (SSA), this is consistent with global practice (CIA, October 6, 1967, October 7, 2019; Cong Dianwei et al., October 17, 2025). [8] The establishment of a new Lunar Exploration Program probably includes the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's Queqiao lunar communication relay
team, but also potentially the Chinese Academy of Sciences' distant retrograde orbit (DRO) satellite team. The DRO satellites have a role in lunar navigation, space science, and probably cislunar space SSA (Chinese Academy of Sciences, April 16, 2025). If the DRO satellite team stops being transparent in their scientific progress, this could indicate a larger ASF role.
Conclusion
The CCP's "new-style whole-of-nation" innovation system extends beyond the national space program, and its success across the various sectors will likely be mixed. The recent establishment of new space program management offices, however, illustrates that this system is more than a slogan, and that the Party is being more proactive. The creation of program offices to provide dedicated support and regulation for the commercial space sector and deep space exploration and science efforts will most likely propel rather than burden those burgeoning sectors. This added clarity and professionalization will also support PRC efforts to build international partnerships. For example, Chang'e 7 will launch with international payloads from Egypt, Bahrain, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Thailand, and the Hawaii-based International Lunar Observatory Association (Xinhua, April 24, 2024).
The growth of the PRC's space program has largely maintained a successful track record, with no human casualties and increasingly sophisticated technologies. Its decision to merge the crewed and robotic lunar space programs is probably intended to enable focus and better coordination, but it could also potentially result in an overburdened CMSE and safety culture shortfalls in CSS management.
Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. government agency.
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Kristin Burke is the Senior Space and Counterspace Researcher at the China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI), under the U.S. Air Force's Air University. Prior to joining CASI she was a Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Space at the Office for the Director of National Intelligence and a China Science and Technology Analyst at the U.S. Department of State. She is proficient in Mandarin and studying aerospace engineering.
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Original text here: https://jamestown.org/space-sector-is-test-bed-for-new-whole-of-nation-system/
[Category: ThinkTank]
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Space Sector is Test Bed for New Whole-of-Nation System
Executive Summary:
* The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) recent restructuring of its space sector illustrates the implementation of its "new-style whole-of-nation system" for innovation, again using the space program as a leading test bed for new approaches to manage ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The Jamestown Foundation issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by Kristin Burke, senior space and counterspace researcher at the China Aerospace Studies Institute under the U.S. Air Force's Air University, in the foundation's China Brief: * * * Space Sector is Test Bed for New Whole-of-Nation System Executive Summary: * The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) recent restructuring of its space sector illustrates the implementation of its "new-style whole-of-nation system" for innovation, again using the space program as a leading test bed for new approaches to managehigh-risk, high-reward investments.
* The People's Republic of China (PRC) has announced further integration of its crewed and robotic lunar exploration programs, and set up separate offices to support and regulate the commercial space sector and the deep space exploration and science program. Together, these new offices align the PRC's space governance with broader CCP priorities to strengthen Party leadership while expanding the role of basic research and market-driven innovation.
* These changes are intended to improve coordination ahead of the PRC's first attempt at a crewed lunar landing before 2030, while positioning the space sector to be a "pillar" of national economic development. Although the restructuring may improve efficiency, it also creates potential risks in organizational complexity for the PRC. For the United States, it provides some information transparency but also increased competition for leadership.
-
On April 9, when providing an update on the arrival of its next lunar exploration probe to the Wenchang Launch Center, the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) China Manned Space Engineering (CMSE) office stated that it would deepen the integration of the crewed and robotic lunar missions "in order to leverage the strength of the new-style whole-of-nation system" (CCTV, April 10). Some western researchers had been anticipating this move. Domestic media in the People's Republic of China (PRC), however, were surprised with CMSE's casual announcement that it seemed to be absorbing the robotic lunar program, formerly managed by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) (CASI, July 25, 2022; Guancha, April 17). [1]
CMSE provided more detail in a May 23 press conference. In response to Chinese media requests for information, a spokesperson for the office explained that it was integrating existing crewed lunar landing and uncrewed lunar exploration initiatives across three dimensions: missions, resources, and teams. He said that this integrated effort would be designated as the "Lunar Exploration Program" (CMSE, May 23). Given that related organizations within the space sector already cooperate, deeper integration in this case most likely refers to joint planning on schedules and resources beyond mission critical systems, such as support systems, similar to NASA's regrouping for the Artemis Program (NASA, November 15, 2021).
Deeper coordination is logical. The two remaining China Lunar Exploration Program missions are increasingly related to preparations for the PRC's first attempt at a crewed lunar landing before 2030. The first, Chang'e 7, will launch before the end of 2026, while Chang'e 8 is set to launch before 2029 (CNSA, April 24, 2025; Xinhua, July 13). It is too early, however, to determine if the PRC will set up a new organization under CMSE to coordinate or simply continue the historical leading small group structure (CASI, July 25, 2022). [2]
New Whole-of-Nation System Starts With Space Sector Reorganization
The "new-style whole-of-nation system" is a Party doctrine formalized in 2022 initiating a national mobilization and an institutional framework for long-term competitiveness (CCP Members Net, September 8, 2022; Guangming Daily, September 30, 2022; China Brief, June 16, 2025). Party documents describe it as an initiative led by scientific research and market forces, and flowing multi-directionally among academic, civilian, and military players (Naughton et al., July 2023; People's Daily, August 23, 2024). [3] To lead implementation of the new innovation system, the CCP also established a new Central Science and Technology Commission (21st Century Business Herald, April 8, 2023). The space sector has been central to this system from its first references in central-level planning documents in advance of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). In 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping credited it for the Chang'e 4 and Chang'e 5 lunar missions, which included the PRC's first soft landing on the far side of the moon (Beijing Daily, July 15, 2019).
The only similarity between the new and old whole-of-nation innovation efforts is the role of the space sector, which will again be the test bed for developing new mechanisms that reliably manage high-risk, high-reward investments and timelines. A Chinese media commentator argued that nationwide mobilization and investment into science and technology is "the only way" for the PRC's crewed lunar program to succeed. As evidence, he cited the U.S. decision in the 1960s to merge the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force rocket programs and establish NASA (Guancha, April 17). The new system is otherwise unlike past efforts, like the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" program that successfully achieved a limited number of high-priority objectives using technology absorption and reverse engineering. It instead will command resources across the PRC's now vast economy to go beyond parity in existing technologies and attempt to get ahead in a larger category of emerging sectors (People's Daily, August 23, 2024). It will emphasize original innovation over incremental innovation, and "curve overtaking" blending the best innovation practices with "Chinese characteristics" (Xinhua, June 9, 2014; CCP Members Net, September 8, 2022; China Economic Weekly, April 3, 2023).
Space integration efforts to date have included not just merging the crewed and robotic lunar programs, but also several additional sectoral and organizational changes. After the fourth plenary session of the CCP Central Committee in November 2025, the PRC designated the aerospace sector a "pillar industry", a historical term for sectors that support national development, usually large upstream or infrastructure-linked industries (People's Daily, October 23, 2025; CCTV, April 11). This is a significant designation. While space has long been a national strategic priority, it will now underpin the national economy and, like the transportation and petrochemical sectors, will get preferential treatment for longer planning horizons (RAND, June 11). [4]
CMSE has also opened the astronaut program to civilian applicants and designated the Chinese Space Station (CSS) a "national space lab" to enable broader usage and experimentation in space (YouTube, March 10, 2021; CASI, August 2023; CMSE, January 8). [5] As of Shenzhou-13, which launched in late 2021, six non-PLA astronauts have entered the CSS (CMSE, October 29, 2024; Author research, 2026). A former PLA lab under the CSS also has been redesignated a non-PLA state national lab (CASI, October 2025). [6]
Efforts to support space science are also expanding. In line with the CCP's formalization of the new system in 2022, Anhui Province, CNSA, and the University of Science and Technology of China accepted China Lunar Exploration Program Chief Designer Wu Weiren's proposal for a Deep Space Exploration Lab (DSEL). This lab will support space science programs like the Tiandu test satellites in lunar orbit and the Tianwen exploration missions, which are currently distinct from the Chang'e program (State Council Information Office [SCIO], February 27, 2022; STDaily, May 28, 2025). The Tianwen program includes Mars exploration, as well as the ongoing Tianwen-2 asteroid sample return mission that is set to return in 2027 (State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense, September 23, 2025).
As a new space organization, DSEL builds on momentum from the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter and lander that launched at the end of the 13th five-year plan period in 2020. The lab will jointly implement many of the new initiatives outlined in the first "National Mid- and Long-term Plan for Space Science in China (2024-2050)" (2024--2050)) (CNSA, October 15, 2024; China Brief, November 5, 2024). It will also lead the PRC's first planned planetary defense mission, announced in the country's last space white paper (SCIO, January 28, 2022; China Science Daily, September 5, 2025). Wu Weiren and other DSEL leadership have echoed the CCP's language for a whole-of-nation system. For instance, speeches at the inaugural Deep Space Economy and Industry Development Conference in 2025 referenced collaboration mechanisms like "government leadership + market participation" and "national team + private sector" models (China Space News, November 11, 2025).
The PRC has made other sectoral and regulatory adjustments to support the other leading force in the whole-of-nation system: the market. Since State Council guidance opened several strategic sectors to private investment for the first time in 2014, to include space launch and remote sensing, the country's commercial space sector has steadily grown (SCIO, November 16, 2014). The trend is likely to persist. In 2023, the government designated the commercial space sector a "strategic and emerging industry"--distinct from a "pillar" industry--which has unlocked state preferential policies and provincial investment (National Development and Reform Commission, December 22, 2023). Chinese regulators define "commercial space projects" as those "not included in national or military research plans and not using central government funds" (CNSA, July 16, 2025). To streamline regulation, in late 2025, CNSA announced it had established a Commercial Space Department (Xinhua, November 29, 2025). CNSA's new director, Shan Zhongde, has also echoed the importance of the Party's new-style whole-of-nation system in recent roundtables with the commercial space sector (People's Finance News, April 27; Eastmoney, April May 5).
The PRC's adjusted space program reflects lessons it has learned from the historical and current U.S. space program. For instance, it seems to be following the U.S. model for a first crewed lunar landing with a "whole-of-nation" strategy initially reliant on military astronauts. The first U.S. civilian astronaut to participate in a crewed lunar mission was Harrison "Jack" Schmitt during the last Apollo 17 mission in 1972. Unlike the United States during the space race, however, the PRC is attempting a lunar landing while at the same time growing a strong Earth orbit astronaut program. CMSE plans to host its first international astronaut at the CSS later this year (CMSE, May 23). Its announcement that it is more deeply integrating the crewed and robotic lunar exploration programs may help it focus on lunar orbit, but may indicate possible capacity and safety shortfalls at the CSS. An alternative possibility is that the now six civilian astronauts can take a larger role in CSS management and deepen international science collaboration.
There are opportunities and risks for the United States from this reorganization. One positive is that it brings more clarity to when and where to get relevant information. With CMSE in charge of lunar coordination, it will have a larger speaking role at televised State Council briefings, not only niche CMSE Shenzhou briefings. The PRC's increasing differentiation of and support for its exploration, science, and commercial space programs, however, may also expand future space competition beyond strategic national programs to commercial and human capital competitiveness.
Coordination, Commercialization, and Securitization Could Signal Further Changes
The PRC's last significant bureaucratic change to its space program was the creation of CNSA in 1993. At least three signals will likely indicate its next significant space governance reorganization. The first is closer DSEL coordination with CMSE. The PRC plans a crewed Mars mission for the late 2040s (CASI, May 2025). [7] DSEL's robotic Mars missions will probably need to more deeply align with planning for CMSE's crewed Mars mission well in advance. Relatedly, to coordinate the ground segment and support DSEL planetary defense mission planning, the CNSA established a new Asteroid Monitoring and Early Warning Research Center in June 2026 (CNSA, July 2). Asteroid early warning is necessary for crews on the Moon and Mars, and the United States in the past considered a crewed asteroid mission (NASA JPL, April 10, 2013).
The second is further commercialization of the CSS. If CNSA's Commercial Space Department takes on a larger role in facilitating more non-state-owned enterprise commercial participation, that could indicate that the PRC can more quickly commercialize the CSS as an orbital national lab and further compete with the International Space Station's incremental commercialization plans (U.S. Government Accountability Office, June 17).
The third is subsuming CMSE under the PLA Aerospace Force (ASF). The Central Military Commission (CMC) formalized the ASF in April 2024 as just one of many changes in how the country administers its national space program (China Brief, April 26, 2024, July 11, 2025). Chinese astronauts wear CMC patches, not ASF patches, and a shift would be significant for astronauts in Earth and lunar orbit (Author research, 2026). While the ASF may claim a need for enhanced monitoring in lunar orbit for national security space situational awareness (SSA), this is consistent with global practice (CIA, October 6, 1967, October 7, 2019; Cong Dianwei et al., October 17, 2025). [8] The establishment of a new Lunar Exploration Program probably includes the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's Queqiao lunar communication relay
team, but also potentially the Chinese Academy of Sciences' distant retrograde orbit (DRO) satellite team. The DRO satellites have a role in lunar navigation, space science, and probably cislunar space SSA (Chinese Academy of Sciences, April 16, 2025). If the DRO satellite team stops being transparent in their scientific progress, this could indicate a larger ASF role.
Conclusion
The CCP's "new-style whole-of-nation" innovation system extends beyond the national space program, and its success across the various sectors will likely be mixed. The recent establishment of new space program management offices, however, illustrates that this system is more than a slogan, and that the Party is being more proactive. The creation of program offices to provide dedicated support and regulation for the commercial space sector and deep space exploration and science efforts will most likely propel rather than burden those burgeoning sectors. This added clarity and professionalization will also support PRC efforts to build international partnerships. For example, Chang'e 7 will launch with international payloads from Egypt, Bahrain, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Thailand, and the Hawaii-based International Lunar Observatory Association (Xinhua, April 24, 2024).
The growth of the PRC's space program has largely maintained a successful track record, with no human casualties and increasingly sophisticated technologies. Its decision to merge the crewed and robotic lunar space programs is probably intended to enable focus and better coordination, but it could also potentially result in an overburdened CMSE and safety culture shortfalls in CSS management.
Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. government agency.
* * *
Kristin Burke is the Senior Space and Counterspace Researcher at the China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI), under the U.S. Air Force's Air University. Prior to joining CASI she was a Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Space at the Office for the Director of National Intelligence and a China Science and Technology Analyst at the U.S. Department of State. She is proficient in Mandarin and studying aerospace engineering.
* * *
Original text here: https://jamestown.org/space-sector-is-test-bed-for-new-whole-of-nation-system/
[Category: ThinkTank]
Hudson Institute Issues Commentary: Ukraine Military Situation Report on Aug. 5, 2026
WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- Hudson Institute, a research organization that says it promotes leadership for a secure, free and prosperous future, issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by nonresident senior fellow Can Kasapoglu:
* * *
Ukraine Military Situation Report | August 5
Executive Summary
* Battlefield assessment. Russian forces continued to pressure Ukraine, while pro-Kremlin sources claimed that Russian drones now possess artificial intelligence-enabled capabilities that can recognize and target combat uniforms.
* Two assassination attempts. A reported attempt on the life of Russian ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- Hudson Institute, a research organization that says it promotes leadership for a secure, free and prosperous future, issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by nonresident senior fellow Can Kasapoglu: * * * Ukraine Military Situation Report | August 5 Executive Summary * Battlefield assessment. Russian forces continued to pressure Ukraine, while pro-Kremlin sources claimed that Russian drones now possess artificial intelligence-enabled capabilities that can recognize and target combat uniforms. * Two assassination attempts. A reported attempt on the life of RussianGeneral Alexander Chayko in Moscow followed a suspected Russian operation targeting a Ukrainian brigade commander, signaling a potentially escalating intelligence-led shadow war.
* Russian air raids. Russia escalated its air campaign, striking Kyiv with more than 30 ballistic missiles on August 5. In July, Russian forces also launched roughly 5,000 Shahed-type drones and more than 8,300 glide bombs.
-
1. Battlefield Assessment
Russian offensive operations remained persistent over the past week, driving the war's operational tempo to an exceptionally high level. Ukrainian military reporting recorded more than 270 tactical engagements on some days. The principal flashpoints remained unchanged.
Kostiantynivka continued to serve as the focal point of Russian combat operations, while the Pokrovsk and Huliaipole sectors also saw heavy fighting. Pro-Kremlin news outlets claimed that Russian forces are attacking Ukraine with AI-enabled drones that can recognize military uniforms. Frequent drone-on-drone warfare continued to dominate the battlespace.
Newsworthy events also unfolded hundreds of miles from the front lines. According to Ukrainian sources, an explosion at Moscow's Balzi Rossi restaurant on August 1 reportedly targeted Russian Aerospace Forces Commander General Alexander Chayko. The blast killed five people and injured 21 others, although Chayko's condition--and whether he was wounded in the explosion or even present at the restaurant--remained unclear. The general's daughter, Maria Chayko, was reportedly among those injured.
The Russian opposition news outlet Astra reported that the restaurant had been closed to the public for a private gathering on the evening of the blast. Witnesses also observed vehicles bearing black license plates, commonly associated with the Russian military and security services, outside the restaurant. These open-source indicators suggest that the event may have included senior members of Russia's defense establishment.
According to initial accounts of the incident, a woman attempted to enter the restaurant carrying a box described as a gift. A security guard intercepted her and began inspecting the parcel, at which point it exploded. The Russian newspaper Kommersant reported that the device was detonated remotely.
The incident followed a suspected Russian assassination attempt against Ihor Obolienskyi, the commander of the 2nd Khartiia Corps of Ukraine's National Guard, in Kharkiv in late July. No evidence has publicly established a connection between the two incidents. Nonetheless, the timing of the two attacks raises the possibility of an expanding campaign of intelligence-enabled operations against senior military personnel inside Russia and Ukraine.
2. Russia Ramps Up Its Air and Missile Raids
Kyiv came under a heavy Russian ballistic missile assault early on August 5. Preliminary Ukrainian reporting indicates that Russian forces launched more than 30 ballistic missiles toward the Ukrainian capital, prompting the activation of air defenses across the area. In Kyiv's Holosiivskyi district, strikes destroyed a private residence, possibly trapping survivors beneath the rubble.
A strike on non-residential buildings in the same district reportedly caused an ammonia leak. At the site of another strike, secondary explosions damaged an ambulance and injured its driver.
Moscow has increased the frequency of its air raids this summer. In July, Russia launched roughly 5,000 Shahed-type one-way attack drones against Ukraine, according to open-source tracking estimates based on Ukrainian Air Force reporting. Ukrainian forces claim to have intercepted around 4,300 of these drones, an estimated interception rate of approximately 87 percent.
Nonetheless, more than 650 Russian drones penetrated Ukraine's defensive screen. Of these, 479 reportedly struck their targets or adjacent impact areas. The median Russian attack this summer has involved 134 drones, highlighting Moscow's continued reliance on large-scale saturation strikes.
Russian glide-bomb operations also reached a new wartime high in July. During the month, Russian combat aircraft released more than 8,300 guided aerial bombs against Ukraine, according to figures published by Ukraine's Defense Ministry on August 4. This total surpasses the previous record of 8,266 bombs released in June 2026.
This trend underscores Moscow's growing reliance on inexpensive standoff airpower to support its ground campaign. Commonly described as KAB aerial-bomb variants, many of these munitions are Soviet-era free-fall bombs retrofitted with wing and guidance kits. Russian Su-34 aircraft can release the bombs from tens of miles away, frequently beyond the effective engagement envelope of Ukraine's frontline air defenses. Depending on the variant, the bombs can carry payloads ranging from several hundred kilograms to approximately three metric tons.
Operationally, Moscow employs glide bombs against bridges, command posts, cities, fortified positions, and Ukrainian drone teams identified by Russia reconnaissance assets. The larger significance of these munitions, however, lies in their ability to help Russia prepare the battlefield. Sustained bombardment with glide bombs can systematically demolish frontline settlements before Russian ground forces reach them.
The Ukrainian city of Dobropillya illustrates this dynamic. The city's degradation demonstrates that Kyiv possesses no consistently reliable or economical countermeasure to Russia's use of glide bombs. The bombs remain less accurate than advanced precision-guided munitions but possess sufficient explosive power that makes them devastating in urban terrain even when they miss their intented targets. Russia's growing use of glide bombs against Sloviansk, Kramatorsk, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, and other populated areas of Ukraine is producing mounting civilian casualties and accelerating the destruction of Ukraine's defensive urban belt.
3. What to Look for in the Coming Weeks
Russian ballistic-missile pressure on Ukraine is rapidly gaining momentum and straining Kyiv's limited inventory of high-end air defenses. The coming weeks could therefore bring significant developments in Ukraine's efforts to develop and field domestically produced interceptor systems capable of providing a more scalable response to Russia's expanding ballistic-missile threat.
* * *
Can Kasapoglu is a nonresident senior fellow at Hudson Institute. His work at Hudson focuses on political-military affairs in the Middle East, North Africa, and former Soviet regions. He specializes in open-source defense intelligence, geopolitical assessments, international weapons market trends, as well as emerging defense technologies and related concepts of operations.
* * *
Original text here: https://www.hudson.org/defense-strategy/ukraine-military-situation-report-august-5-can-kasapoglu
[Category: ThinkTank]
* * *
Ukraine Military Situation Report | August 5
Executive Summary
* Battlefield assessment. Russian forces continued to pressure Ukraine, while pro-Kremlin sources claimed that Russian drones now possess artificial intelligence-enabled capabilities that can recognize and target combat uniforms.
* Two assassination attempts. A reported attempt on the life of Russian ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- Hudson Institute, a research organization that says it promotes leadership for a secure, free and prosperous future, issued the following commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by nonresident senior fellow Can Kasapoglu: * * * Ukraine Military Situation Report | August 5 Executive Summary * Battlefield assessment. Russian forces continued to pressure Ukraine, while pro-Kremlin sources claimed that Russian drones now possess artificial intelligence-enabled capabilities that can recognize and target combat uniforms. * Two assassination attempts. A reported attempt on the life of RussianGeneral Alexander Chayko in Moscow followed a suspected Russian operation targeting a Ukrainian brigade commander, signaling a potentially escalating intelligence-led shadow war.
* Russian air raids. Russia escalated its air campaign, striking Kyiv with more than 30 ballistic missiles on August 5. In July, Russian forces also launched roughly 5,000 Shahed-type drones and more than 8,300 glide bombs.
-
1. Battlefield Assessment
Russian offensive operations remained persistent over the past week, driving the war's operational tempo to an exceptionally high level. Ukrainian military reporting recorded more than 270 tactical engagements on some days. The principal flashpoints remained unchanged.
Kostiantynivka continued to serve as the focal point of Russian combat operations, while the Pokrovsk and Huliaipole sectors also saw heavy fighting. Pro-Kremlin news outlets claimed that Russian forces are attacking Ukraine with AI-enabled drones that can recognize military uniforms. Frequent drone-on-drone warfare continued to dominate the battlespace.
Newsworthy events also unfolded hundreds of miles from the front lines. According to Ukrainian sources, an explosion at Moscow's Balzi Rossi restaurant on August 1 reportedly targeted Russian Aerospace Forces Commander General Alexander Chayko. The blast killed five people and injured 21 others, although Chayko's condition--and whether he was wounded in the explosion or even present at the restaurant--remained unclear. The general's daughter, Maria Chayko, was reportedly among those injured.
The Russian opposition news outlet Astra reported that the restaurant had been closed to the public for a private gathering on the evening of the blast. Witnesses also observed vehicles bearing black license plates, commonly associated with the Russian military and security services, outside the restaurant. These open-source indicators suggest that the event may have included senior members of Russia's defense establishment.
According to initial accounts of the incident, a woman attempted to enter the restaurant carrying a box described as a gift. A security guard intercepted her and began inspecting the parcel, at which point it exploded. The Russian newspaper Kommersant reported that the device was detonated remotely.
The incident followed a suspected Russian assassination attempt against Ihor Obolienskyi, the commander of the 2nd Khartiia Corps of Ukraine's National Guard, in Kharkiv in late July. No evidence has publicly established a connection between the two incidents. Nonetheless, the timing of the two attacks raises the possibility of an expanding campaign of intelligence-enabled operations against senior military personnel inside Russia and Ukraine.
2. Russia Ramps Up Its Air and Missile Raids
Kyiv came under a heavy Russian ballistic missile assault early on August 5. Preliminary Ukrainian reporting indicates that Russian forces launched more than 30 ballistic missiles toward the Ukrainian capital, prompting the activation of air defenses across the area. In Kyiv's Holosiivskyi district, strikes destroyed a private residence, possibly trapping survivors beneath the rubble.
A strike on non-residential buildings in the same district reportedly caused an ammonia leak. At the site of another strike, secondary explosions damaged an ambulance and injured its driver.
Moscow has increased the frequency of its air raids this summer. In July, Russia launched roughly 5,000 Shahed-type one-way attack drones against Ukraine, according to open-source tracking estimates based on Ukrainian Air Force reporting. Ukrainian forces claim to have intercepted around 4,300 of these drones, an estimated interception rate of approximately 87 percent.
Nonetheless, more than 650 Russian drones penetrated Ukraine's defensive screen. Of these, 479 reportedly struck their targets or adjacent impact areas. The median Russian attack this summer has involved 134 drones, highlighting Moscow's continued reliance on large-scale saturation strikes.
Russian glide-bomb operations also reached a new wartime high in July. During the month, Russian combat aircraft released more than 8,300 guided aerial bombs against Ukraine, according to figures published by Ukraine's Defense Ministry on August 4. This total surpasses the previous record of 8,266 bombs released in June 2026.
This trend underscores Moscow's growing reliance on inexpensive standoff airpower to support its ground campaign. Commonly described as KAB aerial-bomb variants, many of these munitions are Soviet-era free-fall bombs retrofitted with wing and guidance kits. Russian Su-34 aircraft can release the bombs from tens of miles away, frequently beyond the effective engagement envelope of Ukraine's frontline air defenses. Depending on the variant, the bombs can carry payloads ranging from several hundred kilograms to approximately three metric tons.
Operationally, Moscow employs glide bombs against bridges, command posts, cities, fortified positions, and Ukrainian drone teams identified by Russia reconnaissance assets. The larger significance of these munitions, however, lies in their ability to help Russia prepare the battlefield. Sustained bombardment with glide bombs can systematically demolish frontline settlements before Russian ground forces reach them.
The Ukrainian city of Dobropillya illustrates this dynamic. The city's degradation demonstrates that Kyiv possesses no consistently reliable or economical countermeasure to Russia's use of glide bombs. The bombs remain less accurate than advanced precision-guided munitions but possess sufficient explosive power that makes them devastating in urban terrain even when they miss their intented targets. Russia's growing use of glide bombs against Sloviansk, Kramatorsk, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, and other populated areas of Ukraine is producing mounting civilian casualties and accelerating the destruction of Ukraine's defensive urban belt.
3. What to Look for in the Coming Weeks
Russian ballistic-missile pressure on Ukraine is rapidly gaining momentum and straining Kyiv's limited inventory of high-end air defenses. The coming weeks could therefore bring significant developments in Ukraine's efforts to develop and field domestically produced interceptor systems capable of providing a more scalable response to Russia's expanding ballistic-missile threat.
* * *
Can Kasapoglu is a nonresident senior fellow at Hudson Institute. His work at Hudson focuses on political-military affairs in the Middle East, North Africa, and former Soviet regions. He specializes in open-source defense intelligence, geopolitical assessments, international weapons market trends, as well as emerging defense technologies and related concepts of operations.
* * *
Original text here: https://www.hudson.org/defense-strategy/ukraine-military-situation-report-august-5-can-kasapoglu
[Category: ThinkTank]
Center of the American Experiment Issues Commentary: 2024 Rankings - Only Two States Spent More on Welfare Than Minnesota
MINNETONKA, Minnesota, Aug. 6 -- The Center of the American Experiment, a civic and educational organization that says it creates and advocates policies, issued the following commentary on Aug. 4, 2026, by economist Martha Njolomole:
* * *
2024 rankings: Only two states spent more on welfare than Minnesota
Minnesota has one of the most generous welfare systems nationwide. That trend persisted in the 2024 fiscal year, as recently released Census Bureau data show that, after adjusting for the number of people living in poverty, Minnesota spent more on welfare programs than 47 other states ($47,429 ... Show Full Article MINNETONKA, Minnesota, Aug. 6 -- The Center of the American Experiment, a civic and educational organization that says it creates and advocates policies, issued the following commentary on Aug. 4, 2026, by economist Martha Njolomole: * * * 2024 rankings: Only two states spent more on welfare than Minnesota Minnesota has one of the most generous welfare systems nationwide. That trend persisted in the 2024 fiscal year, as recently released Census Bureau data show that, after adjusting for the number of people living in poverty, Minnesota spent more on welfare programs than 47 other states ($47,429per person).
Even when casting a wider net, Minnesota spent $20,141 per person living below twice the Federal Poverty Level, ranking fourth-highest among the 50 states. Minnesota outpaced the national average ($12,041) by 40 percent.
Every year, the U.S. Census Bureau updates its Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances. This is the country's only comprehensive accounting of state and local government spending, inclusive of federal dollars. The Bureau breaks down spending by category, offering an opportunity to analyze which public services states prioritize over others.
Extending that data back to 2005, the first year the U.S. Census Bureau officially launched the American Community Survey (ACS)-- now a standard for tracking poverty across states -- shows Minnesota consistently surpassing the national average. In 2005, Minnesota spent more than double the national average. This gap has shrunk (in percent terms). Still, in 2024, Minnesota spent over $20,000 more than the U.S. average, or three-quarters more.
According to the 2024 update, Minnesota spent $82.1 billion on general government activities, including means-tested welfare programs such as Medicaid, cash assistance, and childcare; roads; education programs; police and fire protection; and other healthcare programs. This came down to $14,176 per resident -- the 16th-highest spending level nationwide.
Both nationally and in Minnesota, public welfare was the top spending component. For every $100 spent, Minnesota allocated $31 to public welfare programs, compared to just $20 for elementary and secondary education. Nationally, however, public welfare surpassed elementary and secondary education by just two percentage points.
Minnesota, in fact, spent more on public welfare than it spent on its entire education system, including colleges and universities. Such was not the case nationally, suggesting that Minnesota could be prioritizing means-tested programs, potentially at the detriment of core public services.
Indeed, public welfare has been by far the state's fastest-growing expenditure category, more than quadrupling since 1990. Elementary and Secondary Education has grown by 168 percent during the same period -- slightly over half as much.
How this plays into the state budget picture
The gradual shift to prioritizing means-tested programs is also apparent in state data.
For every $100 spent in 2000, the Minnesota state government allocated $23 to Health and Human Services (HHS) -- the umbrella category for means-tested programs such as Medicaid, cash and child care assistance. E-12 education got the lion's share of the state budget (nearly $39 for every $100). With a gradual but consistent shift in state spending, HHS overtook E-12 education for the first time in 2026. If current trends persist, this will be repeated in 2029, and likely every year after.
The state budget is heading for a crash, and HHS expansion, which is especially evident in Census Bureau data, is a crucial part of the story. What remains to be seen is how lawmakers will respond.
* * *
Original text here: https://www.americanexperiment.org/2024-rankings-only-2-states-spent-more-on-welfare-than-minnesota/
[Category: ThinkTank]
* * *
2024 rankings: Only two states spent more on welfare than Minnesota
Minnesota has one of the most generous welfare systems nationwide. That trend persisted in the 2024 fiscal year, as recently released Census Bureau data show that, after adjusting for the number of people living in poverty, Minnesota spent more on welfare programs than 47 other states ($47,429 ... Show Full Article MINNETONKA, Minnesota, Aug. 6 -- The Center of the American Experiment, a civic and educational organization that says it creates and advocates policies, issued the following commentary on Aug. 4, 2026, by economist Martha Njolomole: * * * 2024 rankings: Only two states spent more on welfare than Minnesota Minnesota has one of the most generous welfare systems nationwide. That trend persisted in the 2024 fiscal year, as recently released Census Bureau data show that, after adjusting for the number of people living in poverty, Minnesota spent more on welfare programs than 47 other states ($47,429per person).
Even when casting a wider net, Minnesota spent $20,141 per person living below twice the Federal Poverty Level, ranking fourth-highest among the 50 states. Minnesota outpaced the national average ($12,041) by 40 percent.
Every year, the U.S. Census Bureau updates its Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances. This is the country's only comprehensive accounting of state and local government spending, inclusive of federal dollars. The Bureau breaks down spending by category, offering an opportunity to analyze which public services states prioritize over others.
Extending that data back to 2005, the first year the U.S. Census Bureau officially launched the American Community Survey (ACS)-- now a standard for tracking poverty across states -- shows Minnesota consistently surpassing the national average. In 2005, Minnesota spent more than double the national average. This gap has shrunk (in percent terms). Still, in 2024, Minnesota spent over $20,000 more than the U.S. average, or three-quarters more.
According to the 2024 update, Minnesota spent $82.1 billion on general government activities, including means-tested welfare programs such as Medicaid, cash assistance, and childcare; roads; education programs; police and fire protection; and other healthcare programs. This came down to $14,176 per resident -- the 16th-highest spending level nationwide.
Both nationally and in Minnesota, public welfare was the top spending component. For every $100 spent, Minnesota allocated $31 to public welfare programs, compared to just $20 for elementary and secondary education. Nationally, however, public welfare surpassed elementary and secondary education by just two percentage points.
Minnesota, in fact, spent more on public welfare than it spent on its entire education system, including colleges and universities. Such was not the case nationally, suggesting that Minnesota could be prioritizing means-tested programs, potentially at the detriment of core public services.
Indeed, public welfare has been by far the state's fastest-growing expenditure category, more than quadrupling since 1990. Elementary and Secondary Education has grown by 168 percent during the same period -- slightly over half as much.
How this plays into the state budget picture
The gradual shift to prioritizing means-tested programs is also apparent in state data.
For every $100 spent in 2000, the Minnesota state government allocated $23 to Health and Human Services (HHS) -- the umbrella category for means-tested programs such as Medicaid, cash and child care assistance. E-12 education got the lion's share of the state budget (nearly $39 for every $100). With a gradual but consistent shift in state spending, HHS overtook E-12 education for the first time in 2026. If current trends persist, this will be repeated in 2029, and likely every year after.
The state budget is heading for a crash, and HHS expansion, which is especially evident in Census Bureau data, is a crucial part of the story. What remains to be seen is how lawmakers will respond.
* * *
Original text here: https://www.americanexperiment.org/2024-rankings-only-2-states-spent-more-on-welfare-than-minnesota/
[Category: ThinkTank]
CSIS Issues States Weekly News Wrap Up on Aug. 5, 2026
WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following States Weekly news wrap up on Aug. 5, 2026:
* * *
Big News: Assam approves the Assam Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026; Meghalaya approves the Meghalaya Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026; Gujarat publishes its Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy; Haryana rolls out a MSME and Export Promotion Policy; Odisha clears proposal to introduce the Odisha Development Authorities (Amendment) Bill, 2026; and more.
Health
Rajasthan rolls out a new digital medical emergency referral system. Patients referred ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following States Weekly news wrap up on Aug. 5, 2026: * * * Big News: Assam approves the Assam Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026; Meghalaya approves the Meghalaya Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026; Gujarat publishes its Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy; Haryana rolls out a MSME and Export Promotion Policy; Odisha clears proposal to introduce the Odisha Development Authorities (Amendment) Bill, 2026; and more. Health Rajasthan rolls out a new digital medical emergency referral system. Patients referredto tertiary hospitals will have their medical history reach the control room online before they arrive at the hospital, allowing a team of medical experts to review the reports prior to admission.
Source: The Hindu (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/digital-medical-emergency-referral-system-set-to-transform-patient-care-in-rajasthan/article71295052.ece/amp/)
West Bengal introduces the 'Mukhya Mantri Swasthya Bima Yojana' (Chief Minister's Health Insurance Scheme). It gives eligible families cashless hospitalization cover of up to $5,240 (INR 5 lakh) a year, available on a family-floater basis for secondary and tertiary hospital treatment.
Source: Outlook (https://www.outlookmoney.com/personal-finance/west-bengal-rolls-out-rs-5-lakh-health-cover-outside-ayushman-bharat)
Maharashtra bans the sale, distribution, and advertising of junk food in and around 50 meters of schools. The policy aims to encourage healthier eating habits among children.
Source: NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-vada-pav-samosa-in-and-outside-maharashtra-schools-food-bodys-diktat-11839943)
Climate Change and Energy
Haryana approves full exemption of motor vehicle tax on new Electric Vehicles (EVs). The rebate will be applicable to new battery-operated scooters, autos, e-rickshaws, and four-wheelers with an ex-showroom price of up to $31,428 (INR 30 lakh) registered in the state. On those priced above $31,428 (INR 30 lakh), a 50 percent rebate has been approved.
Source: NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/haryana-approves-100-tax-exemption-on-electric-vehicles-up-to-rs-30-lakh-11835092)
In detail: Press release (https://prharyana.gov.in/en/press-notes-278)
Assam approves the Assam Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026. The policy aims to offer a comprehensive framework to convert organic waste into clean energy.
Source: Economic Times (https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/assam-cabinet-clears-cbg-policy-2026-aligned-with-national-model/132768933)
In detail: Cabinet decisions (https://cm.assam.gov.in/cabinet-decisions-details)
Meghalaya approves the Meghalaya Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026. Under the new policy, Meghalaya will provide an incentive of $262 (INR 25,000) to every individual purchasing an electric vehicle, along with a complete waiver on vehicle registration fees.
Source: Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/meghalaya-nod-to-electric-vehicles-policy/articleshow/132693057.cms)
Chhattisgarh launches the Decentralized Women Empowerment on Energy and Policy for Transformative Inclusion (DWEEPTI Yojana). It enables rural women's self-help groups to become vendors, technicians, managers, and entrepreneurs to expand the solar power sector.
Source: New Indian Express (https://www.newindianexpress.com/india/2026/Jul/27/chhattisgarh-launches-women-led-solar-policy-under-dweepti-yojana)
In detail: Press release (https://dprcg.gov.in/post/1784890136/Rural-women-in-Chhattisgarh-are-becoming-solar-energy-entrepreneurs-through-the-Deepti-scheme)
Finance
Nothing critical to report this week.
Industrial Policy and Business Regulations
Andhra Pradesh amends the Andhra Pradesh Building Rules, 2017. Under the revised rules, buildings measuring 24 meters or more, including stilt floors, are now classified as high-rises. To curb project delays, the government has also introduced a phased fire-clearance system.
Source: New Indian Express (https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2026/Jul/30/andhra-govt-notifies-revamped-building-rules-to-boost-ease-of-doing-business)
Gujarat publishes its Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy. It envisages setting up two Integrated Mega Shipbuilding Parks, increasing the state's shipbuilding capacity to more than 50 lakh Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) and attracting investments worth over $2.8 billion (INR 27,000 crore).
Source: Daily Pioneer (https://dailypioneer.com/news/gujarat-unveils-shipbuilding-policy-eyes-more-than-rs-27000-cr-investment)
In detail: Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy 2026 (https://gmbports.org/assets/downloads/Shipbuilding_and_Repair_Policy_new_22052026.pdf)
Gujarat enhances the financial powers of District Collectors and District Development Officers (DDOs) for allotment of government land. It aims at accelerating infrastructure development, industrial growth, and social and public purpose projects by allowing cases to be resolved at the district level.
Source: Big News Network (https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/279214107/gujarat-cm-bhupendra-patel-increases-powers-of-collectors-ddos-for-govt-land-allotments)
In detail: Press release (https://gujaratindia.gov.in/Home/NewsDetailsPage/w7A17oo3qXRuTB%E2%9C%BFMDEhSZw%E2%99%AC%E2%99%AC)
Haryana rolls out a MSME and Export Promotion Policy. Under a proposed insurance scheme, firms will get up to 33 percent of their insurance premium, and MSME exporters can avail 3 pe cent interest assistance capped at $10,476 (INR 10 lakh) a year.
Source: Swarajya (https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/haryanas-new-msme-policy-eyes-rs-55000-crore-investment-5-lakh-jobs)
Himachal Pradesh introduces a one-time consent certificate from the Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB). The certificate aims to ease business operations for industries and has a validity of up to 25 years.
Source: Tribune (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/himachal-introduces-one-time-consent-certificate-from-pollution-board-for-industries/)
In detail:Press release (http://www.himachalpr.gov.in/OnePressRelease.aspx?Language=1&ID=48405)
Land Acquisition and Labor Regulations
Tamil Nadu extends deadline to apply for the formalization of unapproved plots and layouts. It has been extended to June 30, 2027, granting an additional 12-month extension. It is strictly applicable to unapproved layout plans, and wherein at least one plot was sold and registered, on or before October 20, 2016.
Source: The Hindu (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-government-extends-deadline-for-regularisation-of-unapproved-layouts/article71285539.ece)
In detail: Government Order (https://cms.tn.gov.in/cms_migrated/document/GO/hud_t_148_2026.pdf)
Assam passes the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment) Bill 2026. It strengthens the state's heritage land protection framework by restricting land ownership and purchase within a 5-km radius of "iconic heritage institutions" that are at least 250 years old.
Source: Assam Tribune (https://assamtribune.com/assam/assam-assembly-clears-5-bills-on-budget-sessions-final-day-land-law-sparks-row-1614917)
In detail: The Assam Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2026 (https://www.assambidhansabha.org/legislation/bills/introduced/252)
Assam approves the Registration (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026. The bill amends rules governing instruments of agreement relating to sale of immovable property, including authorizations for construction, development, or transfer of property
Source: Assam Tribune
In detail:The Registration (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026 (https://www.assambidhansabha.org/legislation/bills/introduced/255)
Assam clears Indian Stamp (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026. It extends the 2024 belt framework, tightens the definition of "original inhabitant" and gives District Commissioners new power to evict those who fail to quality.
Source: Assam Tribune (https://assamtribune.com/assam/assam-assembly-clears-5-bills-on-budget-sessions-final-day-land-law-sparks-row-1614917)
In detail:The Indian Stamp (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026 (https://www.assambidhansabha.org/legislation/bills/introduced/253)
Assam passes the Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Bill, 2026. It is designed to modernize and expand the use of tea garden land, addressing both economic and social needs.
Source: Assam Tribune
In detail:The Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Bill, 2026
Ladakh authorizes Divisional Commissioners under the land-use regulations framework to approve change in land use. It is applicable to land measuring above 2 kanals and up to 4 kanals. A "kanal" is roughly 0.125 acres. The Chief Secretary will approve applications for land measuring above 4 kanals and up to 2 acres.
Source: Daily Excelsior (https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lg-decentralizes-land-use-approval-powers-in-ladakh-to-speed-up-development/)
In detail:Press release (https://ladakh.gov.in/l-g-vk-saxena-extends-pro-people-land-use-deregulation-in-ladakh-authorizes-chief-secretary-and-divisional-commissioner-to-approve-change-in-land-use-on-land-up-to-2-acres/)
Infrastructure and Governance
Bihar approves Anganwadi Sevika and Sahayika Selection (Amendment) Guidelines, 2026. It paves the way for the recruitment of more than 22,000 'Anganwadi' (Rural Childcare Centers) 'Sevikas' (Workers) and 'Sahayikas' (Helpers) under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).
Source: APAC news (https://apacnewsnetwork.com/2026/07/bihar-cabinet-clears-major-welfare-infrastructure-push-22000-anganwadi-recruitments-approved/)
In detail:Cabinet decisions (https://state.bihar.gov.in/cache/1/Smart%20City/Cabinet%20Decisions/Cabinet%20Press%2029.07.2026.pdf)
Bihar approves the Bihar Sports Policy 2026. It aims to promote sports culture and identify talent across the state.
Source: APAC news (https://apacnewsnetwork.com/2026/07/bihar-cabinet-clears-major-welfare-infrastructure-push-22000-anganwadi-recruitments-approved/)
In detail:Cabinet decisions (https://prharyana.gov.in/en/press-notes-278)
Delhi approves 'Delhi Lakshmi Yojana' (Delhi Goddess of Wealth Scheme). Eligible women will receive $26.2 (INR 2,500) per month through direct benefit transfer.
Source: India Today (https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/delhi/story/delhi-lakshmi-yojana-approved-rs-2500-monthly-aid-for-women-portal-opens-august-1-2958381-2026-07-28)
Haryana approves a new formula-based Property Tax Regime. It replaces the 2013 property tax framework with a uniform, capital value-based assessment system.
Source: Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-clears-new-property-tax-formula-housing-policy/articleshow/132691861.cms)
In detail:Cabinet decisions - Press release (https://prharyana.gov.in/en/press-notes-278)
Haryana approves an exemption and rebate framework. Under this policy, religious institutions, government schools and hospitals, agricultural properties, 'gaushalas' (cow sanctuaries), orphanages, cremation grounds, and several charitable institutions will be exempt from property tax.
Source: Times of India
In detail:Cabinet decisions - Press release
Assam approves the Assam Legal Metrology (Government Approved Test Center) Rules, 2026. It implements Self-Certification by Manufacturers and Third-Party Certification of Weighing and Measuring Instruments as part of the government's compliance reduction and deregulation reforms.
Source: Economic Times (https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/assam-cabinet-clears-cbg-policy-2026-aligned-with-national-model/132768933)
In detail:Cabinet decisions (https://cm.assam.gov.in/cabinet-decisions-details)
Mizoram approves guidelines for the Inner Line Pass (ILP). It aims at strengthening the regulation and monitoring of entry of non-residents into the state. The approval of the revised ILP framework is expected to streamline procedures related to issuance, monitoring, and enforcement of Inner Line passes in Mizoram.
Source: Economic Times (https://travel.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/destination/states/mizoram-cabinet-approves-enhanced-ilp-guidelines-to-regulate-non-resident-entry/131199379)
Odisha clears proposal to introduce the Odisha Development Authorities (Amendment) Bill, 2026. It will amend the existing Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982 in favor of constituting "Economic Region Development Authorities."
Source: Hindustan Times (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-cabinet-clears-bill-for-economic-region-authorities-101785658175537.html)
Water and Sanitation
Nothing critical to report this week.
Center - State Relations
Nothing critical to report this week.
Any Other
Gujarat launches a Marketing Support Scheme. Rural women associated the Gujarat Livelihood Promotion Company Limited (GLPC) will get $2.6 million (INR 25 crore) during 2026-27 to connect their products to e-commerce platforms, giving them access to national and international markets.
Source: Economic Times (https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/news/policy/gujarat-launches-25-crore-marketing-support-scheme-to-connect-sakhi-mandal-products-to-e-commerce-platforms/132763915)
* * *
Original text here: https://www.csis.org/analysis/states-weekly-august-5-2026
[Category: ThinkTank]
* * *
Big News: Assam approves the Assam Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026; Meghalaya approves the Meghalaya Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026; Gujarat publishes its Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy; Haryana rolls out a MSME and Export Promotion Policy; Odisha clears proposal to introduce the Odisha Development Authorities (Amendment) Bill, 2026; and more.
Health
Rajasthan rolls out a new digital medical emergency referral system. Patients referred ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The Center for Strategic and International Studies issued the following States Weekly news wrap up on Aug. 5, 2026: * * * Big News: Assam approves the Assam Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026; Meghalaya approves the Meghalaya Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026; Gujarat publishes its Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy; Haryana rolls out a MSME and Export Promotion Policy; Odisha clears proposal to introduce the Odisha Development Authorities (Amendment) Bill, 2026; and more. Health Rajasthan rolls out a new digital medical emergency referral system. Patients referredto tertiary hospitals will have their medical history reach the control room online before they arrive at the hospital, allowing a team of medical experts to review the reports prior to admission.
Source: The Hindu (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/digital-medical-emergency-referral-system-set-to-transform-patient-care-in-rajasthan/article71295052.ece/amp/)
West Bengal introduces the 'Mukhya Mantri Swasthya Bima Yojana' (Chief Minister's Health Insurance Scheme). It gives eligible families cashless hospitalization cover of up to $5,240 (INR 5 lakh) a year, available on a family-floater basis for secondary and tertiary hospital treatment.
Source: Outlook (https://www.outlookmoney.com/personal-finance/west-bengal-rolls-out-rs-5-lakh-health-cover-outside-ayushman-bharat)
Maharashtra bans the sale, distribution, and advertising of junk food in and around 50 meters of schools. The policy aims to encourage healthier eating habits among children.
Source: NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-vada-pav-samosa-in-and-outside-maharashtra-schools-food-bodys-diktat-11839943)
Climate Change and Energy
Haryana approves full exemption of motor vehicle tax on new Electric Vehicles (EVs). The rebate will be applicable to new battery-operated scooters, autos, e-rickshaws, and four-wheelers with an ex-showroom price of up to $31,428 (INR 30 lakh) registered in the state. On those priced above $31,428 (INR 30 lakh), a 50 percent rebate has been approved.
Source: NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/haryana-approves-100-tax-exemption-on-electric-vehicles-up-to-rs-30-lakh-11835092)
In detail: Press release (https://prharyana.gov.in/en/press-notes-278)
Assam approves the Assam Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026. The policy aims to offer a comprehensive framework to convert organic waste into clean energy.
Source: Economic Times (https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/assam-cabinet-clears-cbg-policy-2026-aligned-with-national-model/132768933)
In detail: Cabinet decisions (https://cm.assam.gov.in/cabinet-decisions-details)
Meghalaya approves the Meghalaya Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026. Under the new policy, Meghalaya will provide an incentive of $262 (INR 25,000) to every individual purchasing an electric vehicle, along with a complete waiver on vehicle registration fees.
Source: Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/meghalaya-nod-to-electric-vehicles-policy/articleshow/132693057.cms)
Chhattisgarh launches the Decentralized Women Empowerment on Energy and Policy for Transformative Inclusion (DWEEPTI Yojana). It enables rural women's self-help groups to become vendors, technicians, managers, and entrepreneurs to expand the solar power sector.
Source: New Indian Express (https://www.newindianexpress.com/india/2026/Jul/27/chhattisgarh-launches-women-led-solar-policy-under-dweepti-yojana)
In detail: Press release (https://dprcg.gov.in/post/1784890136/Rural-women-in-Chhattisgarh-are-becoming-solar-energy-entrepreneurs-through-the-Deepti-scheme)
Finance
Nothing critical to report this week.
Industrial Policy and Business Regulations
Andhra Pradesh amends the Andhra Pradesh Building Rules, 2017. Under the revised rules, buildings measuring 24 meters or more, including stilt floors, are now classified as high-rises. To curb project delays, the government has also introduced a phased fire-clearance system.
Source: New Indian Express (https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2026/Jul/30/andhra-govt-notifies-revamped-building-rules-to-boost-ease-of-doing-business)
Gujarat publishes its Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy. It envisages setting up two Integrated Mega Shipbuilding Parks, increasing the state's shipbuilding capacity to more than 50 lakh Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) and attracting investments worth over $2.8 billion (INR 27,000 crore).
Source: Daily Pioneer (https://dailypioneer.com/news/gujarat-unveils-shipbuilding-policy-eyes-more-than-rs-27000-cr-investment)
In detail: Gujarat Shipbuilding and Repair Policy 2026 (https://gmbports.org/assets/downloads/Shipbuilding_and_Repair_Policy_new_22052026.pdf)
Gujarat enhances the financial powers of District Collectors and District Development Officers (DDOs) for allotment of government land. It aims at accelerating infrastructure development, industrial growth, and social and public purpose projects by allowing cases to be resolved at the district level.
Source: Big News Network (https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/279214107/gujarat-cm-bhupendra-patel-increases-powers-of-collectors-ddos-for-govt-land-allotments)
In detail: Press release (https://gujaratindia.gov.in/Home/NewsDetailsPage/w7A17oo3qXRuTB%E2%9C%BFMDEhSZw%E2%99%AC%E2%99%AC)
Haryana rolls out a MSME and Export Promotion Policy. Under a proposed insurance scheme, firms will get up to 33 percent of their insurance premium, and MSME exporters can avail 3 pe cent interest assistance capped at $10,476 (INR 10 lakh) a year.
Source: Swarajya (https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/haryanas-new-msme-policy-eyes-rs-55000-crore-investment-5-lakh-jobs)
Himachal Pradesh introduces a one-time consent certificate from the Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB). The certificate aims to ease business operations for industries and has a validity of up to 25 years.
Source: Tribune (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/himachal-introduces-one-time-consent-certificate-from-pollution-board-for-industries/)
In detail:Press release (http://www.himachalpr.gov.in/OnePressRelease.aspx?Language=1&ID=48405)
Land Acquisition and Labor Regulations
Tamil Nadu extends deadline to apply for the formalization of unapproved plots and layouts. It has been extended to June 30, 2027, granting an additional 12-month extension. It is strictly applicable to unapproved layout plans, and wherein at least one plot was sold and registered, on or before October 20, 2016.
Source: The Hindu (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-government-extends-deadline-for-regularisation-of-unapproved-layouts/article71285539.ece)
In detail: Government Order (https://cms.tn.gov.in/cms_migrated/document/GO/hud_t_148_2026.pdf)
Assam passes the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment) Bill 2026. It strengthens the state's heritage land protection framework by restricting land ownership and purchase within a 5-km radius of "iconic heritage institutions" that are at least 250 years old.
Source: Assam Tribune (https://assamtribune.com/assam/assam-assembly-clears-5-bills-on-budget-sessions-final-day-land-law-sparks-row-1614917)
In detail: The Assam Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2026 (https://www.assambidhansabha.org/legislation/bills/introduced/252)
Assam approves the Registration (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026. The bill amends rules governing instruments of agreement relating to sale of immovable property, including authorizations for construction, development, or transfer of property
Source: Assam Tribune
In detail:The Registration (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026 (https://www.assambidhansabha.org/legislation/bills/introduced/255)
Assam clears Indian Stamp (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026. It extends the 2024 belt framework, tightens the definition of "original inhabitant" and gives District Commissioners new power to evict those who fail to quality.
Source: Assam Tribune (https://assamtribune.com/assam/assam-assembly-clears-5-bills-on-budget-sessions-final-day-land-law-sparks-row-1614917)
In detail:The Indian Stamp (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2026 (https://www.assambidhansabha.org/legislation/bills/introduced/253)
Assam passes the Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Bill, 2026. It is designed to modernize and expand the use of tea garden land, addressing both economic and social needs.
Source: Assam Tribune
In detail:The Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Bill, 2026
Ladakh authorizes Divisional Commissioners under the land-use regulations framework to approve change in land use. It is applicable to land measuring above 2 kanals and up to 4 kanals. A "kanal" is roughly 0.125 acres. The Chief Secretary will approve applications for land measuring above 4 kanals and up to 2 acres.
Source: Daily Excelsior (https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lg-decentralizes-land-use-approval-powers-in-ladakh-to-speed-up-development/)
In detail:Press release (https://ladakh.gov.in/l-g-vk-saxena-extends-pro-people-land-use-deregulation-in-ladakh-authorizes-chief-secretary-and-divisional-commissioner-to-approve-change-in-land-use-on-land-up-to-2-acres/)
Infrastructure and Governance
Bihar approves Anganwadi Sevika and Sahayika Selection (Amendment) Guidelines, 2026. It paves the way for the recruitment of more than 22,000 'Anganwadi' (Rural Childcare Centers) 'Sevikas' (Workers) and 'Sahayikas' (Helpers) under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).
Source: APAC news (https://apacnewsnetwork.com/2026/07/bihar-cabinet-clears-major-welfare-infrastructure-push-22000-anganwadi-recruitments-approved/)
In detail:Cabinet decisions (https://state.bihar.gov.in/cache/1/Smart%20City/Cabinet%20Decisions/Cabinet%20Press%2029.07.2026.pdf)
Bihar approves the Bihar Sports Policy 2026. It aims to promote sports culture and identify talent across the state.
Source: APAC news (https://apacnewsnetwork.com/2026/07/bihar-cabinet-clears-major-welfare-infrastructure-push-22000-anganwadi-recruitments-approved/)
In detail:Cabinet decisions (https://prharyana.gov.in/en/press-notes-278)
Delhi approves 'Delhi Lakshmi Yojana' (Delhi Goddess of Wealth Scheme). Eligible women will receive $26.2 (INR 2,500) per month through direct benefit transfer.
Source: India Today (https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/delhi/story/delhi-lakshmi-yojana-approved-rs-2500-monthly-aid-for-women-portal-opens-august-1-2958381-2026-07-28)
Haryana approves a new formula-based Property Tax Regime. It replaces the 2013 property tax framework with a uniform, capital value-based assessment system.
Source: Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-clears-new-property-tax-formula-housing-policy/articleshow/132691861.cms)
In detail:Cabinet decisions - Press release (https://prharyana.gov.in/en/press-notes-278)
Haryana approves an exemption and rebate framework. Under this policy, religious institutions, government schools and hospitals, agricultural properties, 'gaushalas' (cow sanctuaries), orphanages, cremation grounds, and several charitable institutions will be exempt from property tax.
Source: Times of India
In detail:Cabinet decisions - Press release
Assam approves the Assam Legal Metrology (Government Approved Test Center) Rules, 2026. It implements Self-Certification by Manufacturers and Third-Party Certification of Weighing and Measuring Instruments as part of the government's compliance reduction and deregulation reforms.
Source: Economic Times (https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/assam-cabinet-clears-cbg-policy-2026-aligned-with-national-model/132768933)
In detail:Cabinet decisions (https://cm.assam.gov.in/cabinet-decisions-details)
Mizoram approves guidelines for the Inner Line Pass (ILP). It aims at strengthening the regulation and monitoring of entry of non-residents into the state. The approval of the revised ILP framework is expected to streamline procedures related to issuance, monitoring, and enforcement of Inner Line passes in Mizoram.
Source: Economic Times (https://travel.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/destination/states/mizoram-cabinet-approves-enhanced-ilp-guidelines-to-regulate-non-resident-entry/131199379)
Odisha clears proposal to introduce the Odisha Development Authorities (Amendment) Bill, 2026. It will amend the existing Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982 in favor of constituting "Economic Region Development Authorities."
Source: Hindustan Times (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-cabinet-clears-bill-for-economic-region-authorities-101785658175537.html)
Water and Sanitation
Nothing critical to report this week.
Center - State Relations
Nothing critical to report this week.
Any Other
Gujarat launches a Marketing Support Scheme. Rural women associated the Gujarat Livelihood Promotion Company Limited (GLPC) will get $2.6 million (INR 25 crore) during 2026-27 to connect their products to e-commerce platforms, giving them access to national and international markets.
Source: Economic Times (https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/news/policy/gujarat-launches-25-crore-marketing-support-scheme-to-connect-sakhi-mandal-products-to-e-commerce-platforms/132763915)
* * *
Original text here: https://www.csis.org/analysis/states-weekly-august-5-2026
[Category: ThinkTank]
America First Policy Institute: America's Cattle Herd Is Stabilizing-And America First Policies Are Helping
WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The America First Policy Institute issued the following fact sheet:
* * *
America's Cattle Herd Is Stabilizing-And America First Policies Are Helping
Executive Summary
The U.S. beef cow herd has contracted for seven straight years, falling to 27.6 million head on January 1, 2026--the smallest since 1961 (USDA NASS 2026a; Peel 2026a). But the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) July 2026 Cattle report shows the long decline approaching its end: the all-cattle inventory ticked up 0.2% year over year, and producers are holding back cows and heifers to rebuild (USDA NASS ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The America First Policy Institute issued the following fact sheet: * * * America's Cattle Herd Is Stabilizing-And America First Policies Are Helping Executive Summary The U.S. beef cow herd has contracted for seven straight years, falling to 27.6 million head on January 1, 2026--the smallest since 1961 (USDA NASS 2026a; Peel 2026a). But the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) July 2026 Cattle report shows the long decline approaching its end: the all-cattle inventory ticked up 0.2% year over year, and producers are holding back cows and heifers to rebuild (USDA NASS2026b; Peel 2026b). The turn coincides with a coordinated America First strategy working two tracks at once: near-term price relief for consumers and a rebuilt, more competitive American cattle industry.
* * *
Figure 1. U.S. Beef Cow Inventory, January 1 (Million Head).
* * *
Signs the Decline Has Stopped
* Herd stabilizing: All cattle and calves totaled 94.2 million on July 1, 2026--up 0.2% year over year. Beef replacement heifers are up 2.7%, and January 2026 brought the first increase in beef replacement heifers in nine years (USDA NASS 2026b; Peel 2026a; Peel 2026b).
* Ranchers are keeping their cows: Beef cow slaughter fell more than 15% in the first half of 2026--the lowest level since 2015--and the culling rate is on track to drop below 8%. Liquidation is winding down (Burdine 2026; USDA ERS 2026).
* Record incentives to expand: Feeder cattle futures set an all-time high above $380/cwt (Oct. 2025); live cattle hit a record above $258/cwt (Apr. 2026); retail beef demand remains robust at record prices (CME Group 2026; USDA ERS 2026; Peel 2026c).
* Economists' read: Oklahoma State University's Derrell Peel calls January 2026 "likely to be the cyclical low"; the American Farm Bureau says the July report "signals stabilizing cattle herd." Main risk: 48% of cattle are in drought areas (late July 2026), up from about 14% a year earlier (Peel 2026a; AFBF 2026; USDA 2026g).
Administration Actions Behind the Turn
* Plan for American Ranchers and Consumers (Oct. 22, 2025): USDA-Interior-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)-Small Business Administration framework: expanded grazing, more processing capacity, expedited deregulation, pro-protein nutrition policy--announced citing the 75-year-low herd (USDA 2025e).
* Land and forage (Mar.-Jun. 2026): A USDA-Interior memorandum of understanding streamlines grazing across 240 million federal acres, reopens vacant allotments, and guarantees no net loss of grazing capacity; a June 2026 Forest Service directive restores grazing on national forest lands, with a goal of restoring at least 500,000 head months of grazing over the next two years (USDA 2026b; USDA 2026d).
* Interior grazing overhaul (Sept. 2025-Jul. 2026): The Bureau of Land Management rescinded the 2024 "Public Lands Rule," restoring multiple-use primacy for grazing (final May 12, 2026), and the same day proposed the first modernization of the grazing regulations in force since 1995, streamlining permitting across roughly 155 million acres. July 2026 monument modifications returned about 2.9 million acres in Utah to multiple-use management, including grazing, and Interior and Commerce rescinded the Endangered Species Act's "harm" definition (Jul. 2026) (BLM 2026a; BLM 2026b; White House 2026; FWS 2026).
* Water and equipment relief (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2025-26): On day one of its March 2025 deregulatory campaign, EPA committed to a narrower "waters of the United States" (WOTUS) definition and, with the Army Corps, applied the Sackett ruling immediately through field guidance; a formal WOTUS proposal followed (Nov. 2025). EPA's diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) fixes (Aug. 2025-Mar. 2026) direct manufacturers to prevent sensor-triggered shutdowns of trucks and tractors--savings the U.S. Small Business Administration estimates at $4.4 billion a year for farmers (EPA 2025a; USACE 2025; EPA 2025b; EPA 2025c; EPA 2026).
* Packer competition (Nov. 2025-Jun. 2026): U.S. Department of Justice civil and criminal probes of alleged meatpacker price fixing and Executive Order 14364 task forces target top-four packer concentration (~85%); USDA added up to $500 million for small and mid-size beef processors (E.O. 14364; Farm Policy News 2026; USDA 2026e).
* Working-family tax relief (Jul. 4, 2025): The One Big Beautiful Bill gives producers the certainty to plan: a permanent $15 million estate-tax exemption (indexed) protects family ranches in generational transfer; permanent 100% bonus depreciation and a $2.5 million Section 179 expensing cap cut the cost of equipment and facilities today; and the permanent 20% small-business deduction supports pass-through ranch operations--helping the next generation step into the business and keep rebuilding the herd (Iowa State CALT 2025).
* Demand side (Jan.-Feb. 2026): The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines put animal protein at the center of federal nutrition policy, and HHS Secretary Kennedy told cattle producers in February 2026, "We need a lot of beef, and we want to make it right here in America," urging them to expand their herds (USDA and HHS 2026; Brownfield Ag News 2026).
* Screwworm defense abroad (2025-present): USDA took the fight to the New World screwworm in Mexico before it could reach American herds--negotiating preclearance inspection and treatment protocols with Mexican authorities, funding a $21 million renovation of the Metapa sterile-fly plant in southern Mexico, and dispersing 100 million sterile flies a week over Mexico and Texas--slowing the pest's northward spread and buying time for an all-of-government response at home (USDA 2025a; USDA 2025c; APHIS 2026).
* Screwworm defense at home (2025-present): USDA suspended southern-border cattle imports whenever detections advanced (May and July 2025); broke ground on a $750 million sterile-fly production facility in Texas, with an $8.5 million Texas dispersal facility complete and a $25 million Arizona facility announced; and set a biosecurity-first phased border reopening (scheduled Aug. 24, 2026) (USDA 2025b; APHIS 2025; USDA 2025d; USDA 2026c; USDA 2026a; DTN Progressive Farmer 2026; USDA 2026f).
A herd worth rebuilding: American producers have spent generations building the genetics, land stewardship, and business practices behind the world's premier beef herd--roughly 40% of total U.S. land, both privately owned (~30%) and public (~10%), is available for or used for livestock grazing, which is dominated by cattle (AFBF 2023), and American beef is recognized around the world as a symbol of quality, with exports reaching a record $11.7 billion in 2022 (NRCS 2022; USDA 2025f; USMEF 2023). The actions above protect and build on that inheritance.
Related AFPI work on agriculture and food policy: AFPI 2025a (Farmers First Agenda); AFPI 2025c (agricultural trade); AFPI 2025b (farm provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill); Katebi 2025 (food safety); Tom 2026 (commentary on USDA's screwworm response); AFPI 2026 (statement applauding USDA's SPUR processor program).
Note: The Argentina lean-beef quota and Brazil tariff relief are the strategy's consumer-price track--near-term relief at the grocery store while domestic supply recovers. Herd rebuilding is early-stage: the cow herd was still down 0.7% year over year in July, and economists caution expansion will be slow.
This summary report was prepared with the support of AI tools from the Office for Fiscal and Regulatory Analysis.
* * *
References
AFBF (American Farm Bureau Federation). 2023. "Public Lands Grazing Vital to the Rural West." Market Intel, July 5, 2023. https://www.fb.org/intel/markets/public-lands-grazing-vital-to-the-rural-west.
AFBF. 2026. "July Cattle Report Signals Stabilizing Cattle Herd." July 2026. https://www.fb.org/intel/markets/july-cattle-report-signals-stabilizing-cattle-herd.
AFPI (America First Policy Institute). 2025a. "America First Policy Institute Launches Farmers First Agenda." News release, April 16, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/america-first-policy-institute-launches-farmers-first-agenda.
AFPI. 2025b. "The One Big Beautiful Bill Puts American Farmers and Taxpayers First." Fact sheet, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/the-one-big-beautiful-bill-puts-american-farmers-and-taxpayers-first.
AFPI (Tom, K., and T. Bennett). 2025c. "Driving Rural Prosperity by Reducing the U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit." Policy brief, August 13, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/driving-rural-prosperity-by-reducing-the-u.s-agricultural-trade-deficit.
AFPI. 2026. "AFPI Applauds USDA's New SPUR Program for Ranchers." Statement, July 10, 2026, via Oklahoma Farm Report. http://www.oklahomafarmreport.com/2026/07/10/afpi-applauds-usdas-new-spur-program-for-ranchers.
APHIS (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service). 2025. Announcement: southern border ports closed to livestock trade following new northward screwworm detection in Veracruz. July 9, 2025. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/news/agency-announcements/secretary-rollins-takes-decisive-action-shuts-down-us-southern-border.
APHIS. 2026. "USDA Continues to Lead Aggressive Response to New World Screwworm." Stop Screwworm resource page, accessed August 4, 2026. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animals/animal-health/livestock-and-poultry-disease/stop-screwworm/usda-continues-lead-aggressive.
BLM (Bureau of Land Management). 2026a. "Rescission of Conservation and Landscape Health Rule." Final rule, 91 Fed. Reg., May 12, 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/12/2026-09386/rescission-of-conservation-and-landscape-health-rule.
BLM. 2026b. "Revision of Regulations for Grazing Administration, Exclusive of Alaska." Proposed rule, 91 Fed. Reg., May 12, 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/12/2026-09387/revision-of-regulations-for-grazing-administration-exclusive-of-alaska.
Brownfield Ag News (Grebner, M.). 2026. "Secretary Kennedy Says the U.S. Needs More Beef as Administration Urges Herd Expansion." February 9, 2026. https://www.brownfieldagnews.com/news/secretary-kennedy-says-the-u-s-needs-more-beef-as-administration-urges-herd-expansion/.
Burdine, K. 2026. "A Mid-Year Look at Cattle Slaughter Trends." BEEF Magazine, July 17, 2026. https://www.beefmagazine.com/market-news/a-mid-year-look-at-cattle-slaughter-trends.
CME Group. 2026. "The Cattle Cycle Continues." https://www.cmegroup.com/articles/2026/the-cattle-cycle-continues.html.
DTN Progressive Farmer (Carrico, J.). 2026. "Rollins Announces $25M Arizona NWS Facility as Douglas Port Prepares to Reopen." July 30, 2026. https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/news/article/2026/07/30/rollins-announces-25m-arizona-nws.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2025a. "Administrator Zeldin Announces EPA Will Revise 'Waters of the United States' Rule." News release, March 12, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/administrator-zeldin-announces-epa-will-revise-waters-united-states-rule.
EPA. 2025b. "At Iowa State Fair, EPA Administrator Zeldin Announces Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Fix." News release, August 12, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/iowa-state-fair-epa-administrator-zeldin-announces-diesel-exhaust-fluid-def-fix.
EPA. 2025c. "EPA, Army Corps Unveil Clear, Durable WOTUS Proposal." News release, November 17, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-army-corps-unveil-clear-durable-wotus-proposal.
EPA. 2026. "Trump Administration Announces Latest Action to Address Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) System Complaints, Saves American Farmers and Truckers Over $13 Billion Annually." News release, March 27, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/trump-administration-announces-latest-action-address-diesel-exhaust-fluid-def-system.
Executive Order 14364. 2025. "Addressing Security Risks from Price Fixing and Anti-Competitive Behavior in the Food Supply Chain." December 6, 2025. 90 Fed. Reg. 57349. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/addressing-security-risks-from-price-fixing-and-anti-competitive-behavior-in-the-food-supply-chain/.
Farm Policy News (Hanrahan, R.). 2026. "Justice Department Opens Criminal Investigation of Beef Companies." University of Illinois, April 21, 2026. https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2026/04/justice-department-opens-criminal-investigation-of-beef-companies/.
FWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2026. "Department of the Interior Restores Clear ESA Enforcement by Rescinding Misguided 'Harm' Definition." News release, July 10, 2026. https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2026-07/department-interior-restores-clear-esa-enforcement-rescinding-misguided-harm.
Iowa State CALT (Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation). 2025. "The One Big Beautiful Bill Act Implements Significant Tax Package." Iowa State University, 2025. https://calt.iastate.edu/post/one-big-beautiful-bill-act-implements-significant-tax-package.
Katebi, C. 2025. "Make America Healthy Again by Ensuring Safe Foods." AFPI issue brief, June 9, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/make-america-healthy-again-by-ensuring-safe-foods.
NRCS (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2022. "USDA Boosts Conservation on Grazing Lands and Support for Farmers and Ranchers." News release, August 8, 2022. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/news/usda-boosts-conservation-on-grazing-lands-and-support-for-farmers-and-ranchers.
Peel, D. 2026a. Cow-Calf Corner newsletter. Oklahoma State University Extension, February 2, 2026. https://extension.okstate.edu/programs/beef-extension/cow-calf-corner-the-newsletter-archives/2026/february-2-2026.
Peel, D. 2026b. "Cattle Cycle Update and the Mexican Border." Cow-Calf Corner, Oklahoma State University Extension, July 28, 2026. https://www.oklahomafarmreport.com/2026/07/28/cow-calf-corner-dr-derrell-peel-cattle-cycle-update-and-the-mexican-border/.
Peel, D. 2026c. "Is the U.S. Cattle Industry Actually Done Shrinking?" Beef Outlook, Missouri Ruralist/Farm Progress, August 3, 2026.
Tom, K. 2026. "Flesh-Eating Screwworm Horror Hits US Cattle, but Trump's USDA Was Ready to Fight." Fox News, June 24, 2026. https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/flesh-eating-screwworm-horror-hits-us-cattle-trumps-usda-ready-fight.
USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 2025. "EPA and Army Announce Guidance and a 'WOTUS Notice: The Final Response to SCOTUS.'" Announcement, March 12, 2025. https://www.usace.army.mil/media/announcements/article/4117958/12-march-2025-epa-and-army-announce-guidance-and-a-wotus-notice-the-final-respo/.
USDA. 2025a. "Cattle and Bison Imports from Mexico Resume Under New Protocol." News release, February 1, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/02/01/cattle-and-bison-imports-mexico-resume-under-new-protocol.
USDA. 2025b. "Secretary Rollins Suspends Live Animal Imports Through Ports of Entry Along Southern Border." News release, May 11, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/05/11/secretary-rollins-suspends-live-animal-imports-through-ports-entry-along-southern-border-effective.
USDA. 2025c. "Secretary Rollins Announces Bold Plan to Combat New World Screwworm's Northward Spread." News release, June 18, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/06/18/secretary-rollins-announces-bold-plan-combat-new-world-screwworms-northward-spread.
USDA. 2025d. "USDA Announces Sweeping Plans to Protect the United States from New World Screwworm." News release, August 15, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/08/15/usda-announces-sweeping-plans-protect-united-states-new-world-screwworm.
USDA. 2025e. "Secretary Rollins Announces Plan for American Ranchers and Consumers." News release, October 22, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/10/22/secretary-rollins-announces-plan-american-ranchers-and-consumers.
USDA. 2025f. Plan to Fortify the American Beef Industry. White paper, October 2025. https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/USDA%20Beef%20Industry%20Plan%20White%20Paper.pdf.
USDA. 2026a. "USDA Announces Completion of Sterile Fly Dispersal Facility in Texas." News release, February 9, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/02/09/usda-announces-completion-sterile-fly-dispersal-facility-texas.
USDA. 2026b. "USDA, DOI Move to Boost Support for American Ranchers, Help Lower Prices for Consumers." News release, March 31, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/03/31/usda-doi-move-boost-support-american-ranchers-help-lower-prices-consumers.
USDA. 2026c. "USDA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Break Ground on New Texas Sterile Fly Production Facility." News release, April 17, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/04/17/usda-and-us-army-corps-engineers-break-ground-new-texas-sterile-fly-production-facility.
USDA. 2026d. "USDA Issues Directive to Restore Grazing on National Forest Lands and Strengthen Support for America's Ranchers." News release, June 12, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/06/12/usda-issues-directive-restore-grazing-national-forest-lands-and-strengthen-support-americas-ranchers. Directive memorandum: https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/forest-service-grazing-memo.pdf.
USDA. 2026e. "Secretary Rollins Announces Program to Support Small and Mid-Size Beef Processors." News release, June 30, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/06/30/secretary-rollins-announces-program-support-small-and-mid-size-beef-processors.
USDA. 2026f. "USDA Announces Phased Reopening of Southern Ports for Livestock Trade." News release, July 24, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/07/24/usda-announces-phased-reopening-southern-ports-livestock-trade.
USDA. 2026g. Agriculture in Drought. Weekly report, July 28, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/AgInDrought.pdf.
USDA and HHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2026. "Kennedy, Rollins Unveil Historic Reset of U.S. Nutrition Policy to Put Real Food Back at the Center of Health." News release, January 7, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/01/07/kennedy-rollins-unveil-historic-reset-us-nutrition-policy-put-real-food-back-center-health.
USDA ERS (Economic Research Service). 2026. Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook, LDP-M-385, July 2026. https://www.ers.usda.gov/media/29361/ldp-m-385.pdf?v=79901.
USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service). 2026a. Cattle (January 1 inventory). Report, January 2026. https://esmis.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/release-files/795748/catl0126.pdf.
USDA NASS. 2026b. Cattle (July 1 inventory). Report, July 24, 2026. https://esmis.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/release-files/795988/catl0726.pdf.
USMEF (U.S. Meat Export Federation). 2023. "2022 Beef Exports Set Annual Records; Strong Finish for Pork Exports." News release, February 8, 2023. https://www.usmef.org/news/2022-beef-exports-set-annual-records-strong-finish-for-pork-exports.
White House. 2026. "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Modifies Two National Monuments, Restoring Sensible Land Management." July 13, 2026. https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-modifies-two-national-monuments-restoring-sensible-land-management/.
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Original text here: https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/americas-cattle-herd-is-stabilizing-and-america-first-policies-are-helping
[Category: ThinkTank]
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America's Cattle Herd Is Stabilizing-And America First Policies Are Helping
Executive Summary
The U.S. beef cow herd has contracted for seven straight years, falling to 27.6 million head on January 1, 2026--the smallest since 1961 (USDA NASS 2026a; Peel 2026a). But the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) July 2026 Cattle report shows the long decline approaching its end: the all-cattle inventory ticked up 0.2% year over year, and producers are holding back cows and heifers to rebuild (USDA NASS ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The America First Policy Institute issued the following fact sheet: * * * America's Cattle Herd Is Stabilizing-And America First Policies Are Helping Executive Summary The U.S. beef cow herd has contracted for seven straight years, falling to 27.6 million head on January 1, 2026--the smallest since 1961 (USDA NASS 2026a; Peel 2026a). But the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) July 2026 Cattle report shows the long decline approaching its end: the all-cattle inventory ticked up 0.2% year over year, and producers are holding back cows and heifers to rebuild (USDA NASS2026b; Peel 2026b). The turn coincides with a coordinated America First strategy working two tracks at once: near-term price relief for consumers and a rebuilt, more competitive American cattle industry.
* * *
Figure 1. U.S. Beef Cow Inventory, January 1 (Million Head).
* * *
Signs the Decline Has Stopped
* Herd stabilizing: All cattle and calves totaled 94.2 million on July 1, 2026--up 0.2% year over year. Beef replacement heifers are up 2.7%, and January 2026 brought the first increase in beef replacement heifers in nine years (USDA NASS 2026b; Peel 2026a; Peel 2026b).
* Ranchers are keeping their cows: Beef cow slaughter fell more than 15% in the first half of 2026--the lowest level since 2015--and the culling rate is on track to drop below 8%. Liquidation is winding down (Burdine 2026; USDA ERS 2026).
* Record incentives to expand: Feeder cattle futures set an all-time high above $380/cwt (Oct. 2025); live cattle hit a record above $258/cwt (Apr. 2026); retail beef demand remains robust at record prices (CME Group 2026; USDA ERS 2026; Peel 2026c).
* Economists' read: Oklahoma State University's Derrell Peel calls January 2026 "likely to be the cyclical low"; the American Farm Bureau says the July report "signals stabilizing cattle herd." Main risk: 48% of cattle are in drought areas (late July 2026), up from about 14% a year earlier (Peel 2026a; AFBF 2026; USDA 2026g).
Administration Actions Behind the Turn
* Plan for American Ranchers and Consumers (Oct. 22, 2025): USDA-Interior-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)-Small Business Administration framework: expanded grazing, more processing capacity, expedited deregulation, pro-protein nutrition policy--announced citing the 75-year-low herd (USDA 2025e).
* Land and forage (Mar.-Jun. 2026): A USDA-Interior memorandum of understanding streamlines grazing across 240 million federal acres, reopens vacant allotments, and guarantees no net loss of grazing capacity; a June 2026 Forest Service directive restores grazing on national forest lands, with a goal of restoring at least 500,000 head months of grazing over the next two years (USDA 2026b; USDA 2026d).
* Interior grazing overhaul (Sept. 2025-Jul. 2026): The Bureau of Land Management rescinded the 2024 "Public Lands Rule," restoring multiple-use primacy for grazing (final May 12, 2026), and the same day proposed the first modernization of the grazing regulations in force since 1995, streamlining permitting across roughly 155 million acres. July 2026 monument modifications returned about 2.9 million acres in Utah to multiple-use management, including grazing, and Interior and Commerce rescinded the Endangered Species Act's "harm" definition (Jul. 2026) (BLM 2026a; BLM 2026b; White House 2026; FWS 2026).
* Water and equipment relief (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2025-26): On day one of its March 2025 deregulatory campaign, EPA committed to a narrower "waters of the United States" (WOTUS) definition and, with the Army Corps, applied the Sackett ruling immediately through field guidance; a formal WOTUS proposal followed (Nov. 2025). EPA's diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) fixes (Aug. 2025-Mar. 2026) direct manufacturers to prevent sensor-triggered shutdowns of trucks and tractors--savings the U.S. Small Business Administration estimates at $4.4 billion a year for farmers (EPA 2025a; USACE 2025; EPA 2025b; EPA 2025c; EPA 2026).
* Packer competition (Nov. 2025-Jun. 2026): U.S. Department of Justice civil and criminal probes of alleged meatpacker price fixing and Executive Order 14364 task forces target top-four packer concentration (~85%); USDA added up to $500 million for small and mid-size beef processors (E.O. 14364; Farm Policy News 2026; USDA 2026e).
* Working-family tax relief (Jul. 4, 2025): The One Big Beautiful Bill gives producers the certainty to plan: a permanent $15 million estate-tax exemption (indexed) protects family ranches in generational transfer; permanent 100% bonus depreciation and a $2.5 million Section 179 expensing cap cut the cost of equipment and facilities today; and the permanent 20% small-business deduction supports pass-through ranch operations--helping the next generation step into the business and keep rebuilding the herd (Iowa State CALT 2025).
* Demand side (Jan.-Feb. 2026): The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines put animal protein at the center of federal nutrition policy, and HHS Secretary Kennedy told cattle producers in February 2026, "We need a lot of beef, and we want to make it right here in America," urging them to expand their herds (USDA and HHS 2026; Brownfield Ag News 2026).
* Screwworm defense abroad (2025-present): USDA took the fight to the New World screwworm in Mexico before it could reach American herds--negotiating preclearance inspection and treatment protocols with Mexican authorities, funding a $21 million renovation of the Metapa sterile-fly plant in southern Mexico, and dispersing 100 million sterile flies a week over Mexico and Texas--slowing the pest's northward spread and buying time for an all-of-government response at home (USDA 2025a; USDA 2025c; APHIS 2026).
* Screwworm defense at home (2025-present): USDA suspended southern-border cattle imports whenever detections advanced (May and July 2025); broke ground on a $750 million sterile-fly production facility in Texas, with an $8.5 million Texas dispersal facility complete and a $25 million Arizona facility announced; and set a biosecurity-first phased border reopening (scheduled Aug. 24, 2026) (USDA 2025b; APHIS 2025; USDA 2025d; USDA 2026c; USDA 2026a; DTN Progressive Farmer 2026; USDA 2026f).
A herd worth rebuilding: American producers have spent generations building the genetics, land stewardship, and business practices behind the world's premier beef herd--roughly 40% of total U.S. land, both privately owned (~30%) and public (~10%), is available for or used for livestock grazing, which is dominated by cattle (AFBF 2023), and American beef is recognized around the world as a symbol of quality, with exports reaching a record $11.7 billion in 2022 (NRCS 2022; USDA 2025f; USMEF 2023). The actions above protect and build on that inheritance.
Related AFPI work on agriculture and food policy: AFPI 2025a (Farmers First Agenda); AFPI 2025c (agricultural trade); AFPI 2025b (farm provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill); Katebi 2025 (food safety); Tom 2026 (commentary on USDA's screwworm response); AFPI 2026 (statement applauding USDA's SPUR processor program).
Note: The Argentina lean-beef quota and Brazil tariff relief are the strategy's consumer-price track--near-term relief at the grocery store while domestic supply recovers. Herd rebuilding is early-stage: the cow herd was still down 0.7% year over year in July, and economists caution expansion will be slow.
This summary report was prepared with the support of AI tools from the Office for Fiscal and Regulatory Analysis.
* * *
References
AFBF (American Farm Bureau Federation). 2023. "Public Lands Grazing Vital to the Rural West." Market Intel, July 5, 2023. https://www.fb.org/intel/markets/public-lands-grazing-vital-to-the-rural-west.
AFBF. 2026. "July Cattle Report Signals Stabilizing Cattle Herd." July 2026. https://www.fb.org/intel/markets/july-cattle-report-signals-stabilizing-cattle-herd.
AFPI (America First Policy Institute). 2025a. "America First Policy Institute Launches Farmers First Agenda." News release, April 16, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/america-first-policy-institute-launches-farmers-first-agenda.
AFPI. 2025b. "The One Big Beautiful Bill Puts American Farmers and Taxpayers First." Fact sheet, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/the-one-big-beautiful-bill-puts-american-farmers-and-taxpayers-first.
AFPI (Tom, K., and T. Bennett). 2025c. "Driving Rural Prosperity by Reducing the U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit." Policy brief, August 13, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/driving-rural-prosperity-by-reducing-the-u.s-agricultural-trade-deficit.
AFPI. 2026. "AFPI Applauds USDA's New SPUR Program for Ranchers." Statement, July 10, 2026, via Oklahoma Farm Report. http://www.oklahomafarmreport.com/2026/07/10/afpi-applauds-usdas-new-spur-program-for-ranchers.
APHIS (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service). 2025. Announcement: southern border ports closed to livestock trade following new northward screwworm detection in Veracruz. July 9, 2025. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/news/agency-announcements/secretary-rollins-takes-decisive-action-shuts-down-us-southern-border.
APHIS. 2026. "USDA Continues to Lead Aggressive Response to New World Screwworm." Stop Screwworm resource page, accessed August 4, 2026. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animals/animal-health/livestock-and-poultry-disease/stop-screwworm/usda-continues-lead-aggressive.
BLM (Bureau of Land Management). 2026a. "Rescission of Conservation and Landscape Health Rule." Final rule, 91 Fed. Reg., May 12, 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/12/2026-09386/rescission-of-conservation-and-landscape-health-rule.
BLM. 2026b. "Revision of Regulations for Grazing Administration, Exclusive of Alaska." Proposed rule, 91 Fed. Reg., May 12, 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/12/2026-09387/revision-of-regulations-for-grazing-administration-exclusive-of-alaska.
Brownfield Ag News (Grebner, M.). 2026. "Secretary Kennedy Says the U.S. Needs More Beef as Administration Urges Herd Expansion." February 9, 2026. https://www.brownfieldagnews.com/news/secretary-kennedy-says-the-u-s-needs-more-beef-as-administration-urges-herd-expansion/.
Burdine, K. 2026. "A Mid-Year Look at Cattle Slaughter Trends." BEEF Magazine, July 17, 2026. https://www.beefmagazine.com/market-news/a-mid-year-look-at-cattle-slaughter-trends.
CME Group. 2026. "The Cattle Cycle Continues." https://www.cmegroup.com/articles/2026/the-cattle-cycle-continues.html.
DTN Progressive Farmer (Carrico, J.). 2026. "Rollins Announces $25M Arizona NWS Facility as Douglas Port Prepares to Reopen." July 30, 2026. https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/news/article/2026/07/30/rollins-announces-25m-arizona-nws.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2025a. "Administrator Zeldin Announces EPA Will Revise 'Waters of the United States' Rule." News release, March 12, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/administrator-zeldin-announces-epa-will-revise-waters-united-states-rule.
EPA. 2025b. "At Iowa State Fair, EPA Administrator Zeldin Announces Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Fix." News release, August 12, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/iowa-state-fair-epa-administrator-zeldin-announces-diesel-exhaust-fluid-def-fix.
EPA. 2025c. "EPA, Army Corps Unveil Clear, Durable WOTUS Proposal." News release, November 17, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-army-corps-unveil-clear-durable-wotus-proposal.
EPA. 2026. "Trump Administration Announces Latest Action to Address Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) System Complaints, Saves American Farmers and Truckers Over $13 Billion Annually." News release, March 27, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/trump-administration-announces-latest-action-address-diesel-exhaust-fluid-def-system.
Executive Order 14364. 2025. "Addressing Security Risks from Price Fixing and Anti-Competitive Behavior in the Food Supply Chain." December 6, 2025. 90 Fed. Reg. 57349. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/addressing-security-risks-from-price-fixing-and-anti-competitive-behavior-in-the-food-supply-chain/.
Farm Policy News (Hanrahan, R.). 2026. "Justice Department Opens Criminal Investigation of Beef Companies." University of Illinois, April 21, 2026. https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2026/04/justice-department-opens-criminal-investigation-of-beef-companies/.
FWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2026. "Department of the Interior Restores Clear ESA Enforcement by Rescinding Misguided 'Harm' Definition." News release, July 10, 2026. https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2026-07/department-interior-restores-clear-esa-enforcement-rescinding-misguided-harm.
Iowa State CALT (Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation). 2025. "The One Big Beautiful Bill Act Implements Significant Tax Package." Iowa State University, 2025. https://calt.iastate.edu/post/one-big-beautiful-bill-act-implements-significant-tax-package.
Katebi, C. 2025. "Make America Healthy Again by Ensuring Safe Foods." AFPI issue brief, June 9, 2025. https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/make-america-healthy-again-by-ensuring-safe-foods.
NRCS (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2022. "USDA Boosts Conservation on Grazing Lands and Support for Farmers and Ranchers." News release, August 8, 2022. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/news/usda-boosts-conservation-on-grazing-lands-and-support-for-farmers-and-ranchers.
Peel, D. 2026a. Cow-Calf Corner newsletter. Oklahoma State University Extension, February 2, 2026. https://extension.okstate.edu/programs/beef-extension/cow-calf-corner-the-newsletter-archives/2026/february-2-2026.
Peel, D. 2026b. "Cattle Cycle Update and the Mexican Border." Cow-Calf Corner, Oklahoma State University Extension, July 28, 2026. https://www.oklahomafarmreport.com/2026/07/28/cow-calf-corner-dr-derrell-peel-cattle-cycle-update-and-the-mexican-border/.
Peel, D. 2026c. "Is the U.S. Cattle Industry Actually Done Shrinking?" Beef Outlook, Missouri Ruralist/Farm Progress, August 3, 2026.
Tom, K. 2026. "Flesh-Eating Screwworm Horror Hits US Cattle, but Trump's USDA Was Ready to Fight." Fox News, June 24, 2026. https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/flesh-eating-screwworm-horror-hits-us-cattle-trumps-usda-ready-fight.
USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 2025. "EPA and Army Announce Guidance and a 'WOTUS Notice: The Final Response to SCOTUS.'" Announcement, March 12, 2025. https://www.usace.army.mil/media/announcements/article/4117958/12-march-2025-epa-and-army-announce-guidance-and-a-wotus-notice-the-final-respo/.
USDA. 2025a. "Cattle and Bison Imports from Mexico Resume Under New Protocol." News release, February 1, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/02/01/cattle-and-bison-imports-mexico-resume-under-new-protocol.
USDA. 2025b. "Secretary Rollins Suspends Live Animal Imports Through Ports of Entry Along Southern Border." News release, May 11, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/05/11/secretary-rollins-suspends-live-animal-imports-through-ports-entry-along-southern-border-effective.
USDA. 2025c. "Secretary Rollins Announces Bold Plan to Combat New World Screwworm's Northward Spread." News release, June 18, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/06/18/secretary-rollins-announces-bold-plan-combat-new-world-screwworms-northward-spread.
USDA. 2025d. "USDA Announces Sweeping Plans to Protect the United States from New World Screwworm." News release, August 15, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/08/15/usda-announces-sweeping-plans-protect-united-states-new-world-screwworm.
USDA. 2025e. "Secretary Rollins Announces Plan for American Ranchers and Consumers." News release, October 22, 2025. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/10/22/secretary-rollins-announces-plan-american-ranchers-and-consumers.
USDA. 2025f. Plan to Fortify the American Beef Industry. White paper, October 2025. https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/USDA%20Beef%20Industry%20Plan%20White%20Paper.pdf.
USDA. 2026a. "USDA Announces Completion of Sterile Fly Dispersal Facility in Texas." News release, February 9, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/02/09/usda-announces-completion-sterile-fly-dispersal-facility-texas.
USDA. 2026b. "USDA, DOI Move to Boost Support for American Ranchers, Help Lower Prices for Consumers." News release, March 31, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/03/31/usda-doi-move-boost-support-american-ranchers-help-lower-prices-consumers.
USDA. 2026c. "USDA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Break Ground on New Texas Sterile Fly Production Facility." News release, April 17, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/04/17/usda-and-us-army-corps-engineers-break-ground-new-texas-sterile-fly-production-facility.
USDA. 2026d. "USDA Issues Directive to Restore Grazing on National Forest Lands and Strengthen Support for America's Ranchers." News release, June 12, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/06/12/usda-issues-directive-restore-grazing-national-forest-lands-and-strengthen-support-americas-ranchers. Directive memorandum: https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/forest-service-grazing-memo.pdf.
USDA. 2026e. "Secretary Rollins Announces Program to Support Small and Mid-Size Beef Processors." News release, June 30, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/06/30/secretary-rollins-announces-program-support-small-and-mid-size-beef-processors.
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USDA and HHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2026. "Kennedy, Rollins Unveil Historic Reset of U.S. Nutrition Policy to Put Real Food Back at the Center of Health." News release, January 7, 2026. https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2026/01/07/kennedy-rollins-unveil-historic-reset-us-nutrition-policy-put-real-food-back-center-health.
USDA ERS (Economic Research Service). 2026. Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook, LDP-M-385, July 2026. https://www.ers.usda.gov/media/29361/ldp-m-385.pdf?v=79901.
USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service). 2026a. Cattle (January 1 inventory). Report, January 2026. https://esmis.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/release-files/795748/catl0126.pdf.
USDA NASS. 2026b. Cattle (July 1 inventory). Report, July 24, 2026. https://esmis.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/release-files/795988/catl0726.pdf.
USMEF (U.S. Meat Export Federation). 2023. "2022 Beef Exports Set Annual Records; Strong Finish for Pork Exports." News release, February 8, 2023. https://www.usmef.org/news/2022-beef-exports-set-annual-records-strong-finish-for-pork-exports.
White House. 2026. "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Modifies Two National Monuments, Restoring Sensible Land Management." July 13, 2026. https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-modifies-two-national-monuments-restoring-sensible-land-management/.
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Original text here: https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/americas-cattle-herd-is-stabilizing-and-america-first-policies-are-helping
[Category: ThinkTank]
America First Policy Institute Issues Commentary to New Mexico Sentinel: New Mexico Can't Afford to Be Left Behind in America's Public Safety Comeback
WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The America First Policy Institute issued the following excerpts of a commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by Vincent Torres, New Mexico state chapter executive director, to the New Mexico Sentinel:
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New Mexico can't afford to be left behind in America's public safety comeback
All across America, public safety is improving. Violent crime is falling, homicides are down, and communities that spent years grappling with lawlessness are beginning to see progress. This news is a welcome relief for every American.
But New Mexico cannot afford to mistake national success for local ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The America First Policy Institute issued the following excerpts of a commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by Vincent Torres, New Mexico state chapter executive director, to the New Mexico Sentinel: * * * New Mexico can't afford to be left behind in America's public safety comeback All across America, public safety is improving. Violent crime is falling, homicides are down, and communities that spent years grappling with lawlessness are beginning to see progress. This news is a welcome relief for every American. But New Mexico cannot afford to mistake national success for localreality.
President Trump's renewed focus on securing the border, dismantling drug cartels, and restoring law and order is helping drive this national reduction in crime.
Yet, New Mexico continues to face some of the highest crime rates in the nation - a reminder that when local leaders make poor decisions, our communities pay the price.
To read the full article, click here (https://www.nmsentinel.com/2026/08/03/new-mexico-cant-afford-to-be-left-behind-in-americas-public-safety-comeback/).
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Vincent Torres, Executive Director, America First New Mexico
Vince serves as Executive Director, America First New Mexico, and brings over 18 years of experience in New Mexico government and politics. He previously served as Deputy Chief Clerk of the Senate, Legislative Liaison for Lt. Governor John Sanchez, and Chief of Staff for the Senate Republican Caucus. Vince attended Liberty University, earning a bachelor's degree in Political Science and a master's degree in Management and Leadership. He and his wife have been married for 17 years, and together they have two beautiful children.
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Original text here: https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/new-mexico-cant-afford-to-be-left-behind-in-americas-public-safety-comeback
[Category: ThinkTank]
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New Mexico can't afford to be left behind in America's public safety comeback
All across America, public safety is improving. Violent crime is falling, homicides are down, and communities that spent years grappling with lawlessness are beginning to see progress. This news is a welcome relief for every American.
But New Mexico cannot afford to mistake national success for local ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 -- The America First Policy Institute issued the following excerpts of a commentary on Aug. 5, 2026, by Vincent Torres, New Mexico state chapter executive director, to the New Mexico Sentinel: * * * New Mexico can't afford to be left behind in America's public safety comeback All across America, public safety is improving. Violent crime is falling, homicides are down, and communities that spent years grappling with lawlessness are beginning to see progress. This news is a welcome relief for every American. But New Mexico cannot afford to mistake national success for localreality.
President Trump's renewed focus on securing the border, dismantling drug cartels, and restoring law and order is helping drive this national reduction in crime.
Yet, New Mexico continues to face some of the highest crime rates in the nation - a reminder that when local leaders make poor decisions, our communities pay the price.
To read the full article, click here (https://www.nmsentinel.com/2026/08/03/new-mexico-cant-afford-to-be-left-behind-in-americas-public-safety-comeback/).
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Vincent Torres, Executive Director, America First New Mexico
Vince serves as Executive Director, America First New Mexico, and brings over 18 years of experience in New Mexico government and politics. He previously served as Deputy Chief Clerk of the Senate, Legislative Liaison for Lt. Governor John Sanchez, and Chief of Staff for the Senate Republican Caucus. Vince attended Liberty University, earning a bachelor's degree in Political Science and a master's degree in Management and Leadership. He and his wife have been married for 17 years, and together they have two beautiful children.
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Original text here: https://www.americafirstpolicy.com/issues/new-mexico-cant-afford-to-be-left-behind-in-americas-public-safety-comeback
[Category: ThinkTank]