Education (Colleges & Universities)
Here's a look at documents from public, private and community colleges in the U.S.
Featured Stories
Upstate Launches Study to Find Treatment for Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome
SYRACUSE, New York, July 1 -- The State University of New York Upstate Medical University campus issued the following news:
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Upstate launches study to find new treatment for post treatment Lyme disease syndrome
Upstate Medical University is recruiting participants for a study on Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS).
Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) is diagnosed in patients who have well-defined or probable Lyme disease and who, after receiving a generally accepted treatment regimen for early or late Lyme disease, experience persistent, continuous, or relapsing symptoms
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SYRACUSE, New York, July 1 -- The State University of New York Upstate Medical University campus issued the following news:
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Upstate launches study to find new treatment for post treatment Lyme disease syndrome
Upstate Medical University is recruiting participants for a study on Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS).
Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) is diagnosed in patients who have well-defined or probable Lyme disease and who, after receiving a generally accepted treatment regimen for early or late Lyme disease, experience persistent, continuous, or relapsing symptomsfor at least six months after completion of antibiotic therapy. The symptoms can include fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, cognitive difficulties, or other subjective symptoms that interfere with occupational, educational, social or personal activities.
There is currently no universally accepted treatment approach for PTLDS and different providers use different approaches with antibiotics or focus on treating the symptoms of PTLDS.
"This can be a difficult disease state to treat due to the difference in symptoms that patients present with, leading to frustration in patients as well as their providers," said Kristopher Paolino, MD, MTM&H, an infectious disease specialist with Upstate's Institute for Global Health and Translational Science.
The study aims to discover if Ceftriaxone, an FDA-approved drug, is safe and effective on a 5-day dosing schedule. The up to 14-month study involves nine infusions every five days, with the option for subjects who receive a placebo to undergo treatment after unblinding at 6 months.
As more and more ticks are found to carry Lyme disease, the risk of contracting Lyme rises every year. Paolino said that according to the CDC, approximately 500,000 people are diagnosed with Lyme disease annually. Of those, 10 to 20 percent of people experience PTLDS after getting initial treatment with antibiotics.
Paolino said Ceftriaxone is normally given daily, so this study is exploring a different dosing approach.
"The primary outcome of the study is to make sure it is safe," he said. "We are also looking to see if there's any benefit to improving the patient's symptoms."
Ceftriaxone is a commonly used antibiotic and can be used for Lyme disease. The most common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, such as loose stools or diarrhea, as well as rash or other allergic reactions. Additional possible side effects include headaches, fevers, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and poor taste in the mouth.
The study will monitor for common side effects, as well as any other symptoms while on therapy. There will also be blood work done routinely to assess for changes during the study. Lastly, researchers will be monitoring for changes in baseline symptoms to not only assess for improvement but also to look for worsening of the symptoms while on therapy.
Upstate is hoping to enroll 44 patients to the trial, but recruitment has been slow due to the main criteria that participants at their pre-study baseline need to have debilitating symptoms that interfere with daily life. Paolino said participants need to have a significant baseline problem for them to potentially see improvement.
Upstate is conducting the pilot study through the Columbia Clinical Trials Network. There is another site in New Jersey assessing a similar patient population that is enrolling 20 patients. The goal is that if the study shows promise, the investigators could apply for grants from the National Institute of Health of the Department of Defense for further, larger studies.
"The best-case scenario is that we show it is safe and that there is some potential efficacy, and people indicate to us that they're feeling better," Paolino said.
Additional criteria for enrolling in the study:
* Age 18-75 at time of consent
* Must meet the definition of a prior well-defined pr probable Lyme disease infection AND meet the definition of PTLDS.
* Diagnosed with Lyme disease more than 6 months but less than 10 years
* Have a level of fatigue that interferes with their ability to function in their job, schooling, or other social/personal activities (FSS score of 4 or higher)
* Subject will need to have been off antibiotics (those standard antibiotics used to target Lyme disease to include doxycycline, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, or penicillin) for at least 6 weeks prior to study enrollment and be willing to remain off any outside antibiotics during the duration of the treatment component of the study
* Provide consent for release of medical history records for primary care physician, college, or university, urges care or emergency room visit
For more information go to https://www.upstate.edu/globalhealth/
Also, check out Upstate's Informed Patient podcast on this issue. Click here (https://www.upstate.edu/informed/2025/062425-paolino-podcast.php).
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Original text here: https://www.upstate.edu/news/articles/2025/2025-06-30-lymetrial.php
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine: Gene Analysis Helps Optimize Prostate Cancer Radiation Dose
MADISON, Wisconsin, July 1 (TNSjou) -- The University of Wisconsin's School of Medicine and Public Health issued the following news:
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Gene analysis helps optimize prostate cancer radiation dose
By Mary Bosch
New results from two randomized clinical trials showed that analyzing a gene expression signature in tumors may help doctors customize radiation treatments for prostate cancer patients, improving outcomes while avoiding unnecessary side effects.
The gene expression signature, PrOstate Radiation Therapy Outcomes Score, or PORTOS, was first reported in 2016 by a research team from the
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MADISON, Wisconsin, July 1 (TNSjou) -- The University of Wisconsin's School of Medicine and Public Health issued the following news:
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Gene analysis helps optimize prostate cancer radiation dose
By Mary Bosch
New results from two randomized clinical trials showed that analyzing a gene expression signature in tumors may help doctors customize radiation treatments for prostate cancer patients, improving outcomes while avoiding unnecessary side effects.
The gene expression signature, PrOstate Radiation Therapy Outcomes Score, or PORTOS, was first reported in 2016 by a research team from theUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health led by Dr. Shuang (George) Zhao, assistant professor of human oncology. Researchers used a machine learning model to analyze gene expression patterns in tumors, correlating the data with patients' responses to radiation therapy. They identified 24 genes whose expression levels predicted radiation response, resulting in PORTOS.
Oncologists may treat prostate cancer by surgically removing the prostate or with radiation therapy, either as a primary treatment or to treat recurrences after surgery. Radiation therapy is a life-saving treatment, but it can cause toxic effects such as urinary and bowel tract issues as well as sexual dysfunction.
"The more radiation you give, the higher the likelihood of causing a negative side effect for the patient. You want to give as little as necessary, but just enough to treat the tumor," Zhao said.
"Being able to make that decision based on an individual patient's tumor, as opposed to a population average, means you can potentially improve outcomes or reduce the side effects for specific groups of patients."
The results, which were published in Annals of Oncology in May, indicate PORTOS can help oncologists tailor radiotherapy strategies for prostate cancer patients, making it the first tool of its kind to be validated in randomized clinical trials.
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in two-thirds of all countries, and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Validating PORTOS in two prostate cancer clinical trials
In two large randomized phase III clinical trials, researchers examined tumor samples from patients to determine the outcomes of higher or lower doses of radiation to treat prostate cancer. One trial was run in Europe by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and the other in the United States by NRG Oncology.
The European clinical trial focused on patients undergoing radiation therapy for recurrent cancer following surgical removal of the prostate gland -- a treatment called salvage radiotherapy. The U.S. trial included patients being treated with radiation as a first option, called definitive radiotherapy. Tumor samples were tested from more than 200 patients in each trial to measure PORTOS.
Researchers correlated patients' PORTOS with whether they benefited from higher doses of radiation. Then they compared disease progression probability in patients with high versus low PORTOS.
In both trials, the analysis showed that patients with high PORTOS benefited from higher doses of radiation and patients with low PORTOS did not.
In the American clinical trial, PORTOS levels were classified into three groups: low, average or high. Participants with low PORTOS showed no benefit from higher radiation doses, but those with average PORTOS fared better with higher doses. The beneficial effect was most pronounced for those with the highest PORTOS.
A key question for the researchers was which biological processes in prostate tumors are driven by the 24 genes measured using PORTOS. By assessing gene expression patterns in a large dataset from more than 73,500 prostate cancer patients, they found that high PORTOS is strongly associated with immune signatures in tumors and moderately associated with hypoxia, meaning tissue with low oxygen levels. Hypoxic tumors are known to be more radiation resistant.
The connection to the immune system is intriguing, Zhao noted, as scientists are already studying the relationship between radiation and the immune system. In a recent study, UW-Madison researchers found that mixed dose radiation enhances immune response to cancer.
Zhao and his team plan to continue studying how PORTOS can help predict response to radiation and personalize prostate cancer treatment by validating the gene signature in additional clinical trials.
This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health U24CA196067, 1DP2CA271832-01, 1R01CA271540, U54CA273956 and R01CA240991) and the Department of Defense (PC190039, PC210122, PC200334 and W81XWH-21-1-0296).
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Original text here: https://www.med.wisc.edu/news/optimizing-prostate-cancer-radiation-dose/
UWF Students Work With Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division to Build RoboBoat
PENSACOLA, Florida, July 1 -- The University of West Florida, a component of public state university system in Florida, issued the following news release:
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UWF students work with Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division to build RoboBoat
A group of four University of West Florida electrical engineering and computer engineering students worked with the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Panama City, Florida, on a RoboBoat kit to get more high school students interested and engaged in marine robotics.
A group of four University of West Florida electrical engineering and computer engineering
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PENSACOLA, Florida, July 1 -- The University of West Florida, a component of public state university system in Florida, issued the following news release:
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UWF students work with Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division to build RoboBoat
A group of four University of West Florida electrical engineering and computer engineering students worked with the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Panama City, Florida, on a RoboBoat kit to get more high school students interested and engaged in marine robotics.
A group of four University of West Florida electrical engineering and computer engineeringstudents worked with the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Panama City, Florida, on a RoboBoat kit to get more high school students interested and engaged in marine robotics.
Dr. Damion Dunlap, STEM Outreach Manager, Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division, tapped into the knowledge of UWF Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering students in Fort Walton Beach and shared his vision for a kit for high school students, and one that could be used in competitions. Dunlap oversees STEM outreach to support the next generation of engineers.
"We decided that this project would be an amazing way to help high school students become more excited about STEM in an inexpensive and cost-effective way," said Ashley Schnaible, who is a computer engineering student in her senior year. "This project gave us the opportunity to explore multiple ways of constructing a functioning RoboBoat kit using materials that students could obtain rather easily. It also gave our team the opportunity to be giant kids ourselves, having fun with the build, designing it essentially like a giant Lego set."
Through the Fall 2024 semester, Schnaible, along with students Heather Sasser, David Laird and Xavier Frank, and under the guidance of Dr. Jeff McGuirk, senior lecturer of electrical and computer engineering who served in the United States Air Force as a developmental engineer, built the platform, while a group of Florida Polytechnic University students focused on the computer pieces.
After multiple trial and error runs with various designs and materials tested, the UWF student team decided to completely 3D print the RoboBoat in pieces using PLA filament and multiple layers of Flex Seal to ensure waterproofing. After the completion of the print and test for buoyancy, they mounted the necessities such as thrusters and a waterproof case that housed the battery, microcontroller and wires. The kit functions as any RoboBoat would, communicating with an RC remote controller.
For the next several weeks during the summer, Dunlap is working with high school students who earned a paid internship with the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division on a continuation of the project by taking lessons learned from UWF's project and building another boat.
For more information about the Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, visit uwf.edu/hmcse.
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Original text here: https://news.uwf.edu/uwf-students-work-with-naval-surface-warfare-center-panama-city-division-to-build-roboboat/
UW Updates Student Code of Conduct
LARAMIE, Wyoming, July 1 -- The University of Wyoming posted the following news:
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UW Updates Student Code of Conduct
The University of Wyoming has released an updated Student Code of Conduct and Community Standards that goes into effect Tuesday, July 1.
"The maintenance of a safe community which fosters student development and growth is a top priority for the Division of Student Affairs," said Nycole Courtney, UW's interim vice president for student affairs. "The Student Code of Conduct is one of many tools we use to help all students achieve their academic and cocurricular goals at UW."
The
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LARAMIE, Wyoming, July 1 -- The University of Wyoming posted the following news:
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UW Updates Student Code of Conduct
The University of Wyoming has released an updated Student Code of Conduct and Community Standards that goes into effect Tuesday, July 1.
"The maintenance of a safe community which fosters student development and growth is a top priority for the Division of Student Affairs," said Nycole Courtney, UW's interim vice president for student affairs. "The Student Code of Conduct is one of many tools we use to help all students achieve their academic and cocurricular goals at UW."
TheStudent Code of Conduct undergoes an annual review to clarify processes and procedures and to align with current legal guidance, including state and federal legislation. This year, in addition to clarifying the document language, the Dean of Students Office examined how it could further align with the educational mission of the office and the university.
To achieve this goal, proposed updates to the Student Code of Conduct were shared with the university community, offering students, faculty and staff an opportunity to share their feedback on the document.
No changes to existing processes or procedures were made as part of this review; however, some of the other changes that were made include:
* Clarifying the process and policy regarding "Instructional Setting Engagement and Academic Inquiry," including the responsibilities given to educators and to the Dean of Students Office.
* Clarifying the policy regarding freedom of expression.
* Revising the definition of weapons violations to align with the state's new law and UW policy on campus carry.
For more information about the updated Student Code of Conduct, visit the website or email the Dean of Students Office at dos@uwyo.edu.
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Original text here: https://www.uwyo.edu/news/2025/06/uw-updates-student-code-of-conduct.html
MSU Researchers Map the Worldwide Threat of Antibiotic Resistance in Livestock Waste
EAST LANSING, Michigan, July 1 (TNSjou) -- Michigan State University issued the following news:
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MSU researchers map the worldwide threat of antibiotic resistance in livestock waste
Why this matters:
* According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat, killing at least 1.27 million people worldwide and associated with nearly 5 million deaths in 2019.
* This study shows that livestock manure is a major reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, some of which can potentially transfer to bacteria that infect humans. If these genes
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EAST LANSING, Michigan, July 1 (TNSjou) -- Michigan State University issued the following news:
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MSU researchers map the worldwide threat of antibiotic resistance in livestock waste
Why this matters:
* According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat, killing at least 1.27 million people worldwide and associated with nearly 5 million deaths in 2019.
* This study shows that livestock manure is a major reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, some of which can potentially transfer to bacteria that infect humans. If these genesreach us, whether through contaminated water, food or the environment, they can make common infections much harder, or even impossible, to treat.
* Meat production globally relies heavily on antibiotics, often used not only to treat disease but to promote growth in animals. This overuse contributes to resistance.
* Antibiotic resistance doesn't respect borders. Genes can spread across countries via trade, travel and natural systems. This study provides the global data needed for countries to work together to monitor and manage this threat.
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A major international study by Michigan State University and partner researchers has uncovered a hidden danger lurking in animal farms around the world: Livestock manure is packed with antibiotic resistance genes that could threaten human health.
This study spanned 14 years and represents the most comprehensive survey of livestock antibiotic resistant genes to date. The research team examined over 4,000 manure samples from pigs, chickens and cattle in 26 countries.
"This research shows that what happens on farms doesn't stay on farms," said James Tiedje, a world-renowned expert in microbiology at MSU and one of the authors of the study. "Genes from manure can make their way into the water we drink, the food we eat and the bacteria that make us sick."
To better understand the risk, the research team built a global map highlighting regions where dangerous antibiotic resistance genes are most common. They also developed a new system to rank which genes pose the greatest threat to human health, especially those that are mobile, hard to treat, and already found in or prone to transfer to disease-causing bacteria.
"Some antibiotic resistance genes are now widely known to be in DNA in soil, water and manures, but are they ones that are really risky?" said Tiedje, a University Distinguished Professor in the MSU Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunologyand the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences. "But we took this a step further to determine whether those genes can become mobile and move into harmful bacteria, ones that have bad health outcomes. That's what makes them a real risk."
According to Xun "Shawn" Qian, professor at Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University in Yangling, China, and one of the study's authors, livestock manure may act as an important environment for detecting the early signs of antibiotic resistance gene proliferation, offering public health systems a crucial opportunity for timely intervention.
"Our findings highlight the need for targeted monitoring and risk management of antibiotic resistance in major livestock-producing countries,"hesaid. "For instance, as the world's leading beef producer, the United States shows significantly higher abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in cattle manure compared to other countries. Likewise, China, which is the world's largest pig producer, exhibits elevated levels of bacterial abundance, diversity and overall resistance risk in swine manure, surpassing all other nations in our analysis."
About antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when antibiotics are overused, making genes resistant and treating infections more difficult. According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat, killing at least 1.27 million people worldwide and associated with nearly 5 million deaths in 2019.
In the United States, more than 2.8 million antimicrobial resistant infections occur each year. More than 35,000 people die as a result, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report.
"Antibiotic resistance isn't just a medical issue, it's an environmental one, too," Tiedje said. "And it may pose an even greater risk than other pollutants because if these genes end up in harmful bacterium, they can directly cause deadly infections."
At the same time, the study recognizes that antibiotics still play a critical role in protecting animal health when used properly.
As it relates to this study, the problem is that antibiotics are used in animals to promote faster growth in addition to treating disease. The resistance problems come from this overuse.
"We need antibiotics to control disease," Tiedje added. "That's why it's so important to protect their effectiveness. If resistance spreads too far, these life-saving drugs won't work when we really need them."
Encouragingly, the study found signs that efforts to reduce farm antibiotic use are paying off.
"There's been a global push to reduce antibiotics in agriculture," said Tiedje. "Denmark and other European countries led the way by banning growth-promotion antibiotics years ago and they've seen lower resistance levels as a result."
The U.S. followed with its Veterinary Feed Directive in 2017, and China introduced similar restrictions shortly after. In all three places, there has been a decline in resistance genes in livestock manure over time. That shows that these policies work. But there is still much to be done, Tiedje said.
"The problem is so severe that governments worldwide are being asked by the United Nations to develop national action plans to tackle antibiotic resistance," Tiedje said. "The data from this study can help countries decide what's most important for them to act on and where those efforts can have the biggest impact."
This work gives us a roadmap, Qian said. "By identifying the riskiest genes and the countries where they're most likely to spread, we can start to better target surveillance and policy. Reducing risky antibiotic use on farms could make a real difference."
And in today's globalized world, the risks don't stay contained within borders, Tiedje said.
"A resistant pathogen is only a plane flight away from anywhere," he said. "By understanding and managing livestock antibiotic resistance, we help protect the effectiveness of antibiotics for everyone."
The paper is published in the journal Science Advances.
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Original text here: https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2025/msu-researchers-map-the-worldwide-threat-of-antibiotic-resistance-in-livestock-waste
Johns Hopkins: Tens of Thousands of Heart Attacks and Strokes Could Be Avoided Each Year If Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Were Used According to Guidelines
BALTIMORE, Maryland, July 1 (TNSjou) -- Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health issued the following news release:
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Tens of Thousands of Heart Attacks and Strokes Could Be Avoided Each Year if Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Were Used According to Guidelines
New study details gaps between actual and recommended use of statins and other lipid-lowering drugs--and estimates public health benefits of closing those gaps
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A new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers has identified a significant gap between the number of U.S. patients for whom cholesterol-lowering drugs such
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BALTIMORE, Maryland, July 1 (TNSjou) -- Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health issued the following news release:
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Tens of Thousands of Heart Attacks and Strokes Could Be Avoided Each Year if Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Were Used According to Guidelines
New study details gaps between actual and recommended use of statins and other lipid-lowering drugs--and estimates public health benefits of closing those gaps
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A new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers has identified a significant gap between the number of U.S. patients for whom cholesterol-lowering drugs suchas statins are recommended and the actual number of patients who take them.
Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death in the U.S. and globally, despite the development of statins and other cholesterol-lowering medications in recent decades. Many adults who should be taking these drugs to lower their low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) levels are not--even though these drugs are considered safe and there is a large body of evidence supporting their effectiveness. In their new study, the researchers sought to quantify this treatment gap.
In a nationally representative analysis of nearly 5,000 U.S. adults, the researchers found that among those who had never had a major cardiovascular event, just under half--47%--were eligible for cholesterol-lowering drugs under U.S. guidelines but only 23% were taking them. Among those who had a record of a major cardiovascular event, just over two-thirds--68%--were receiving cholesterol-lowering treatment when 100% were eligible for them under 2018 U.S. guidelines.
The researchers estimate that closing this treatment gap could help prevent nearly 100,000 non-fatal heart attacks in the U.S. each year and up to 65,000 strokes overall in the U.S. each year, and also prevent tens of thousands of heart bypass surgeries and stent-placement procedures annually in the U.S.
Bringing treatment in line with recommended U.S. guidelines could save up to $30.6 billion in annual medical costs in the U.S. for these prevented events, the researchers estimate.
The findings were published online June 30 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.
"These results add to a growing body of evidence that there are important shortcomings in the quality of care for common and costly chronic diseases such as high cholesterol, and that addressing those shortcomings would yield major public health benefits," says study lead author G. Caleb Alexander, MD, a practicing internist and professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health's Department of Epidemiology.
For their study, the researchers analyzed data on a nationally representative sample of 4,980 American adults, ages 40-75, from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys taken from 2013 to 2020. The researchers used data for each individual that included LDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk profiles to determine eligibility for lipid-lowering medications based on 2018 U.S. guidelines, as well as actual use of such medications by U.S. patients.
The researchers also analyzed U.S. patient data applying E.U. guidelines. The European guidelines had more aggressive LDL-C goals compared to U.S. guidelines, resulting in wider gaps between observed and recommend care.
The vast majority of the individuals in the sample--89%--didn't have a record of a major cardiovascular event such as a stroke, heart attack, or coronary bypass surgery. In this "primary prevention" group, representing about 116 million U.S. adults, only 23% were using lipid-lowering drugs to prevent such events, although 47% were eligible for such drugs under U.S. guidelines.
Among the 11% of the sample who did have a record of a major cardiovascular event--a "secondary prevention" sample representing about 15 million U.S. adults--only 68% received any LDL-lowering treatment, despite 100% being eligible under both the U.S. and E.U guidelines examined.
The researchers estimated that if treatment for all eligible individuals were fully aligned with U.S. or E.U. guidelines, including the use of non-statin LDL-lowering drugs in many cases, median levels of LDL cholesterol would drop sharply, reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events in the U.S. by up to 27%.
"Several factors account for the gaps that we document," says Alexander. "They include differences in clinician training, patient preferences, barriers to accessing care, financial incentives that don't always support best practices, and the difficulty of putting clinical guidelines into practice in busy, real-world settings."
Bringing actual treatment closer to what guidelines recommend could be achieved through various measures including better patient education on the benefits of treatment for those who know they have high LDL-cholesterol levels, and better screening for everyone else, the researchers say.
"High cholesterol is an important chronic health condition that silently claims far too many lives --there are millions of people walking around with this condition that don't even know they have it, and then when it is recognized it too often goes undertreated. Evidence-based action is critical to close the gap and prevent devastating cardiovascular events," says study senior author Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, a practicing cardiologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
"U.S. Public Health Gains from Improved Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: A Simulation Study of NHANES Adults Treated to Guideline-Directed Therapy" was co-authored by G. Caleb Alexander, Jill Curran, Alejandro Victores, Hemalkumar Mehta, Shanshan Lin, Xuya Xiao, Erin Michos, Jeromie Ballreich, Lori Bash, Jason Exter, Kathryn Foti, and Seth Martin.
Funding was provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC.
Disclosures: Caleb Alexander is past chair of FDA's Peripheral and Central Nervous System Advisory Committee and is a co-founding principal and equity holder in Stage Analytics. Outside of this work, Seth Martin has received personal consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Kaneka, Merck, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Premier, Sanofi, and 89bio. Outside of this work, Erin Michos has received personal consulting fees from Amgen, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Edwards Lifescience, Esperion, Ionis, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. Alejandro Victores, Lori Bash and Jason Exter are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA. Jill Curran is now employed by Boehringer Ingelheim.
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Original text here: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2025/tens-of-thousands-of-heart-attacks-and-strokes-could-be-avoided-each-year-if-cholesterol-lowering-drugs-were-used-according-to-guidelines
Harvard University: Light and Heavy Electrons Cooperate in Magic-angle Superconductors
CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, July 1 (TNSjou) -- Harvard University issued the following news:
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Light and heavy electrons cooperate in magic-angle superconductors
Electrons play many roles in solid materials. When they are weakly bound and able to travel - i.e., mobile - they can enable electrical conduction. When they are bound, or "heavy," they can act as insulators. However, in certain solid materials, this behavior can be markedly different, raising questions about how these different types of electrons interact.
In a study just published in Nature Physics, researchers working with Professor
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CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, July 1 (TNSjou) -- Harvard University issued the following news:
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Light and heavy electrons cooperate in magic-angle superconductors
Electrons play many roles in solid materials. When they are weakly bound and able to travel - i.e., mobile - they can enable electrical conduction. When they are bound, or "heavy," they can act as insulators. However, in certain solid materials, this behavior can be markedly different, raising questions about how these different types of electrons interact.
In a study just published in Nature Physics, researchers working with Professorof Physics and Applied Physics Amir Yacoby at Harvard examined the interplay between both types of electrons in this material, shedding new light on how they may help form novel quantum states.
"Before our work, people could only ask 'What is the overall ground state'?" said Andrew T. Pierce, one of the paper's lead authors. Pierce, currently a fellow at Cornell University, was a graduate student in Yacoby's lab when they began to study this question. What wasn't clear was the true nature of these different states and how the separate light and heavy electrons joined forces to form them.
Additionally, because of the more obvious role of heavy electrons to drive insulators, light electrons have often been dismissed as "doing nothing" or "being spectators," said Yonglong Xie, one of the paper's lead authors. A former Harvard Quantum Initiative Prize postdoctoral fellow in Yacoby's lab, Xie, now an assistant professor at Rice University, noted that the effect of these light electrons on the overall system was hard to detect.
The interplay between electrons with different masses is believed to drive intricate quantum phenomena. In the novel material known as magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG), where three layers of graphene are stacked together with the middle sheet rotated slightly, electrons with small and large masses coexist. This material supports a plethora of exotic quantum phenomena including superconductivity (i.e. electrical conduction without heating), thereby providing a new setting to address this question.
To understand what was going on in these cases, the researchers used a specialized form of microscopy, known as scanning single-electron transistor (scanning SET), pioneered by Yacoby, to examine tiny "puddles" in the MATTG where electrons are trapped when the MATTG enters an insulating state. The scanning SET indicated that while the heavy electrons enable insulating states, the light electrons remain mobile, suggesting that they should participate in forming the novel states, including superconductivity.
"The heavy electrons form an insulator among themselves, creating the illusion of an overall insulating state, but in reality the light electrons remain free," clarified Pierce. "This raises the possibility that the light electrons can mediate interactions between heavy electrons."
This surprising finding underscores how complex the interplay between light and heavy electrons in MATTG can be, the researchers said. They suggested that exploring further methods of "tuning" the ratio of heavy and light electrons in two-dimensional materials will lead to exciting new discoveries. "The problem of coexisting light and heavy electrons in solids is a long-standing one, and we hope our scheme for disentangling their roles gives a new approach to these intriguing materials," said Pierce.
The research was supported, in part, by the Army Research Office, the National Science Foundation, and the CIFAR Quantum Materials Program, and the Welch Foundation.
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Original text here: https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/light-and-heavy-electrons-cooperate-in-magic-angle-superconductors/
