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Treasury Sanctions Burma Armed Group and Companies Linked to Organized Crime Targeting Americans
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025:* * *
Treasury Sanctions Burma Armed Group and Companies Linked to Organized Crime Targeting Americans
Today, the Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (DKBA), a Burmese armed group, along with four of its senior leaders, for supporting cyber scam centers in Burma that target Americans using fraudulent investment schemes. OFAC is also designating Trans Asia International Holding Group Thailand Company Limited ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025: * * * Treasury Sanctions Burma Armed Group and Companies Linked to Organized Crime Targeting Americans Today, the Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (DKBA), a Burmese armed group, along with four of its senior leaders, for supporting cyber scam centers in Burma that target Americans using fraudulent investment schemes. OFAC is also designating Trans Asia International Holding Group Thailand Company Limited(Trans Asia), Troth Star Company Limited (Troth Star), and Thai national Chamu Sawang, who are linked to Chinese organized crime and have worked with the DKBA and other armed groups to develop these scam centers. The revenue generated by scam center workers--who are often themselves victims of human trafficking--supports organized crime and allows the DKBA to finance its harmful activities.
"Criminal networks operating out of Burma are stealing billions of dollars from hardworking Americans through online scams," said Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence John K. Hurley. "These same networks traffic human beings and help fuel Burma's brutal civil war. The Administration will keep using every tool we have to go after these cybercriminals--wherever they operate--and to protect American families from their exploitation."
This action was taken in collaboration with the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) San Diego field office, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia, the criminal division of the Department of Justice, the U.S. Secret Service (USSS), and the Drug Enforcement Administration.
Today, the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, together with the Criminal Division of Department of Justice, the FBI, and the USSS, is also announcing the establishment of a Scam Center Strike Force. Recognizing the immense impact of Southeast Asian scam centers on Americans, the Scam Center Strike Force has tasked agents and attorneys from offices across these agencies to investigate, disrupt, and prosecute the most egregious Southeast Asian scam centers and their leaders, with a focus on Burma, Cambodia, and Laos. The Scam Center Strike Force will work collaboratively with OFAC, the Department of State, and other agencies to use all tools available to the government to disrupt scam centers at the highest levels through sanctions, seizures, and criminal prosecution of individuals; securing U.S infrastructure against use by scammers; and supporting and protecting U.S. victims of these scams through public education and restitution.
AN ONGOING EFFORT TO PROTECT VICTIMS
These designations follow Treasury actions undertaken to combat Burma-based illicit actors perpetrating these scams. On May 5, 2025, OFAC designated the Karen National Army (KNA), a Burma armed group, as a transnational criminal organization (TCO), along with its leader Saw Chit Thu and his two sons Saw Htoo Eh Moo and Saw Chit Chit, for their roles in facilitating human trafficking and cyber scams that harm U.S. citizens. On September 8, 2025, OFAC designated twelve companies and two individuals based in Cambodia and Burma, including two subordinates of KNA leader Saw Chit Thu, that are involved in the operation of networks of scam compounds in Southeast Asia.
These designations build on Treasury's efforts to protect victims from scams operating across Southeast Asia. On October 14, 2025, OFAC, in coordination with the UK's Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office, designated the Prince Group, a Cambodian business conglomerate that operates scam centers housing cyber scam operations targeting U.S. and UK persons, as a TCO, and sanctioned 146 associated persons. Concurrently, Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a final rule pursuant to section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act that severed Cambodia-based Huione Group from the U.S. financial system.
Huione Group has laundered proceeds of cyber heists carried out by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and for transnational criminal organizations in Southeast Asia perpetrating virtual currency investment scams. Other actions include OFAC's designations of Philippines-based computer infrastructure company Funnull Technology Inc. on May 29, 2025, and Ly Yong Phat, his conglomerate L.Y.P. Group, and four of his hotels and resorts on September 12, 2024.
CYBER SCAMS TARGETING AMERICANS
Criminals primarily based in Southeast Asia are increasingly targeting Americans through large-scale cyber scam operations. A U.S. government estimate reported that Americans lost at least $10 billion in 2024 to Southeast Asia-based scam operations, a 66 percent increase over the prior year.
Southeast Asia-based criminal organizations often recruit individuals to work in scam centers under false pretenses. Using debt bondage, physical violence, and the threat of forced prostitution, the scam center operators coerce individuals to scam strangers online using messaging apps or by sending text messages directly to a potential victim's phone. According to FinCEN's September 2023 alert on virtual asset investment scams, those involved in these scams often use the promise of potential romantic relationships or friendships to gain the trust of their victims. They then convince their targets to make purported "investments" in virtual assets on websites that are designed to look like legitimate investment platforms, but are actually controlled by the scammers themselves. Ultimately, these scammers steal the funds deposited on the platforms under their control.
The scam operators specifically look to recruit individuals with English language skills to target American victims. Former scammers have reported that they were directed to specifically target Americans, and some even had quotas for the number of targets per day. Individual U.S. victims of these scams have in some cases lost millions of dollars or their entire life savings.
ARMED GROUPS AND SCAM COMPOUNDS IN BURMA
One compound known to have housed cyber scam operations that have targeted and stolen money from Americans is Tai Chang, located near Myawaddy in Burma's Karen State. The compound is located in territory controlled by the DKBA, an armed group that has supported Burma's ruling military regime in the country's civil conflict. The Tai Chang compound was founded by Sai Kyaw Hla, a brigadier general and senior leader of the DKBA, and Trans Asia, a Mae Sot, Thailand-based company that serves as a front for China-based TCOs to invest in scam centers. Trans Asia has also entered into land lease contracts with other entities--including the OFAC-designated KNA and the Burma-based company Troth Star--to develop other scam compounds, including the Huanya compound and the notorious KK Park compound, both located in Myawaddy in Karen State. Scam operators working at these compounds have frequently targeted and stolen money from U.S. persons.
The DKBA not only provides security for the Tai Chang compound and permits its continued operation, but also actively participates in violence against victims of human trafficking trapped inside the compound. DKBA soldiers have been filmed beating handcuffed scam workers. Rescued victims have claimed that they were subjected to electric shocks, being hung by their arms inside dark rooms, and other brutal treatment. For its participation in these scam operations, the DKBA receives funding that it uses to support its ongoing illicit activities. The DKBA partners with Chinese organized crime on drug, human, arms, and wildlife trafficking, as well as money laundering.
OFAC is designating Trans Asia, Troth Star, the DKBA, and Sai Kyaw Hla pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13694, as further amended by E.O. 13757, E.O. 14144, and E.O. 14306 ("E.O. 13694, as further amended"), for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, cyber-enabled activities originating from, or directed by persons located, in whole or substantial part, outside the United States that are reasonably likely to result in, or have materially contributed to, a threat to the national security, foreign policy, or economic health or financial stability of the United States and that have the purpose of or involve causing a misappropriation of funds or economic resources, intellectual property, proprietary or business confidential information, personal identifiers, or financial information for commercial or competitive advantage or private financial gain. OFAC is also designating Trans Asia, Troth Star, the DKBA, and Sai Kyaw Hla pursuant to E.O. 14014 for being responsible for or complicit in, or having directly or indirectly engaged in or attempted to engage in, actions or policies that threaten the peace, security, or stability of Burma.
SENIOR LEADERS OF SCAM-ASSOCIATED ENTITIES
OFAC is also taking action against the senior leaders of DKBA and Trans Asia, who benefit directly from the revenue these scam compounds generate, at the expense of victims inside and outside the compounds. Saw Steel is the commander-in-chief of the DKBA, Saw Sein Win is the adjutant general of the DKBA, and Saw San Aung is the chief of staff of the DKBA. Chamu Sawang, also known as Yu Jianjun, is the director of Trans Asia.
OFAC is designating Saw Steel, Saw Sein Win, and Saw San Aung pursuant to E.O. 13694, as further amended, for being or having been leaders, officials, senior executive officers, or members of the board of directors of the DKBA, a person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13694, as further amended. OFAC is also designating Saw Steel, Saw Sein Win, and Saw San Aung pursuant to E.O. 14014 for being or having been leaders or officials of the DKBA, an entity whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 14014 as a result of activities related to the leaders' or official's tenures.
Additionally, OFAC is designating Chamu Sawang pursuant to E.O. 13694, as further amended, for being or having been a leader, official, senior executive officer, or member of the board of directors of Trans Asia, a person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13694, as further amended. OFAC is also designating Chamu Sawang pursuant to E.O. 14014 for being or having been leaders or officials of Trans Asia, an entity whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 14014 as a result of activities related to the leader's or official's tenure.
SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONS
As a result of today's action, all property and interests in property of the blocked persons described above that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. In addition, any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also blocked. Unless authorized by a general or specific license issued by OFAC, or exempt, OFAC's regulations generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of designated or otherwise blocked persons.
In addition, financial institutions and other persons that engage in certain transactions or activities with the sanctioned entities and individuals may expose themselves to sanctions or be subject to an enforcement action. The prohibitions include the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any designated person, or the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person.
Violations of OFAC regulations may result in civil or criminal penalties. OFAC's Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines provide more information regarding OFAC's enforcement of U.S. sanctions, including the factors that OFAC generally considers when determining an appropriate response to an apparent violation.
The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC's ability to designate and add persons to the SDN List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law. The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior. For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, please refer to OFAC's Frequently Asked Question 897 here. For detailed information on the process to submit a request for removal from an OFAC sanctions list, please click here (https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/specially-designated-nationals-list-sdn-list/filing-a-petition-for-removal-from-an-ofac-list).
Click here for more information on the individuals and entities designated or otherwise blocked today (https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20251112).
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Original text here: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0312
Treasury Disrupts Iran's Transnational Missile and UAV Procurement Networks
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025:* * *
Treasury Disrupts Iran's Transnational Missile and UAV Procurement Networks
Today, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is targeting 32 individuals and entities based in Iran, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkiye, China, Hong Kong, India, Germany, and Ukraine that operate multiple procurement networks supporting Iran's ballistic missile and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) production.
"Across the globe, Iran exploits financial systems ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025: * * * Treasury Disrupts Iran's Transnational Missile and UAV Procurement Networks Today, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is targeting 32 individuals and entities based in Iran, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkiye, China, Hong Kong, India, Germany, and Ukraine that operate multiple procurement networks supporting Iran's ballistic missile and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) production. "Across the globe, Iran exploits financial systemsto launder funds, procure components for its nuclear and conventional weapons programs, and support its terrorist proxies," said Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence John K. Hurley. "At the direction of President Trump, we are putting maximum pressure on Iran to end its nuclear threat. The United States also expects the international community to fully implement UN snapback sanctions on Iran to cut off its access to the global financial system."
These networks pose a threat to U.S. and allied personnel in the Middle East and to commercial shipping in the Red Sea. As Iran seeks to reconstitute its proliferation-sensitive capabilities destroyed during following the 12 Day War, OFAC is acting to disrupt the procurement of key components, such as missile propellant precursors, and to prevent those assisting Iran from accessing the U.S. financial system. This action represents Treasury's second round of nonproliferation sanctions in support of the September 27, 2025, reimposition of United Nations sanctions on Iran, which occurred as a direct result of Iran's continued non compliance with its international commitments.
Today's action is being taken in furtherance of National Security Presidential Memorandum 2, which directs the U.S. government to curtail Iran's ballistic missile program, counter Iran's development of other asymmetric and conventional weapons capabilities, deny Iran a nuclear weapon, and deny the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) access to assets and resources that sustain their destabilizing activities.
OFAC is taking this action pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13382, which targets weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferators and their supporters; and E.O. 13224, as amended, which targets terrorist groups, their supporters, and those who aid acts of terrorism. In October 2007, the U.S. Department of State designated the IRGC and Iran's Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL) pursuant to E.O. 13382, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury designated Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force (IRGC-QF) pursuant to E.O. 13224.
IRAN'S MISSILE PROPELLANT INGREDIENT PROCUREMENT
Today, OFAC is sanctioning a multinational procurement network centered around a three person venture known as the "MVM partnership." Since 2023, the partnership and its network have coordinated the procurement of ballistic missile propellant ingredients--including sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sebacic acid--from China on behalf of Parchin Chemical Industries (PCI), an element of Iran's Defense Industries Organization (DIO) that is responsible for the import and export of chemical goods. OFAC designated PCI pursuant to E.O. 13382 in July 2008, and the Department of State designated DIO pursuant to E.O. 13382 in March 2007. Both DIO and PCI are also subject to an asset freeze pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1737 and UNSCR 1747, respectively.
Sodium chlorate is used to produce sodium perchlorate, which is used to manufacture the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)-controlled chemical ammonium perchlorate. Ammonium perchlorate is used in solid propellant rocket motors, which are commonly used for ballistic missiles. Sebacic acid is used to produce resins--which are materials sought by Iran for its ballistic missile program--and plasticizers, certain types of which are propellant additives and agents controlled by the MTCR.
Through its network, the MVM partnership has procured and transported hundreds of metric tons of missile propellant ingredients from China since its establishment in 2023. UAE-based Marco Klinge (Klinge) and Iran- and Turkiye-based Majid Dolatkhah (Dolatkhah) have coordinated and facilitated the procurement of materials including sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sebacic acid for PCI. Klinge, who has been responsible for the partnership's procurement from India and China, has liaised between the partnership and suppliers including OFAC-designated China Chlorate Tech Co Limited (CCT). Dolatkhah, who has been responsible for the partnership's procurement from Turkiye, has served as a liaison between PCI and Klinge. Iran- and Turkiye-based Vahid Qayumi (Qayumi) has been responsible for the partnership's chemical business inside Iran and has served as a liaison between PCI and the other MVM partners. OFAC designated CCT pursuant to E.O. 13382 on April 29, 2025.
Klinge, Dolatkhah, and Qayumi are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for having provided, or attempted to provide, financial, material, technological or other support for, or goods or services in support of, PCI.
Klinge is the point of contact for UAE-based company MVM Amici Trading LLC (MVM Amici) and has arranged MVM Amici's procurement of China-origin sodium chlorate for use in Iran. Klinge also serves as the director of India-based Farmlane Private Limited (Farmlane) and as the chief executive officer of Germany-based EVA Handelsgesellschaft UG (EVA).
MVM Amici, Farmlane, and EVA are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for being owned or controlled by, or acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, Klinge.
Qayumi serves as the chairman of the board of Iran-based Zagros Shimi Fars Manufacturing Industries Company (Zagros Shimi Fars) and Furqan Novin Pars Manufacturing and Commercial Industries (Furqan Novin Pars). UAE-based Vahid Ghayoumy Goods Wholesalers LLC (VGGW) has shipped sebacic acid from China to Zagros Shimi Fars in Iran.
Zagros Shimi Fars and Furqan Novin Pars are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for being owned or controlled by, or acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, Qayumi. VGGW is being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for having provided, or attempted to provide, financial, material, technological or other support for, or goods or services in support of, Zagros Shimi Fars.
procurement of crucial UAV equipment for the irgc-QF
OFAC is also targeting several persons in connection with Iran-based Kimia Part Sivan Company (KIPAS), which has worked with the IRGC-QF to improve its UAV program. OFAC designated KIPAS pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, in October 2021 for having materially assisted the IRGC-QF. The Department of State designated the IRGC in its entirety, including the IRGC-QF, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization in April 2019.
As recently as early 2025, Iran-based KIPAS subsidiary Iranian Baspar Puya Company (PARPO) has produced and repaired components for KIPAS-manufactured UAVs and provided manufacturing services in support of KIPAS's UAV assembly line. PARPO has produced hundreds of components, very likely for UAVs, and has had frequent contact with employees associated with KIPAS and IRGC-QF. Iran-based KIPAS front company Pars Navandishan Artificial Intelligence Projects Company (ARIAPA) has provided KIPAS with technical support for manufacturing UAVs, including a project for developing UAV electronics, and assisted KIPAS employees between mid-2024 and early 2025.
PARPO and ARIAPA are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, KIPAS.
Seyyed Ali Abtahi (Abtahi) is a KIPAS and PARPO employee who manages the facility that produced and repaired UAV components. Between mid-2024 and early 2025, Abtahi oversaw the production of UAV components. In the spring of 2025, Iran-based IRGC-QF-associated KIPAS affiliate Seyyed Mohammad Ruhani (Ruhani) worked with Iran-based, IRGC QF associated KIPAS affiliate Hosein Sayyadi Turanlu (Turanlu) on the ARIAPA project pertaining to manufacturing UAV electronics. Additionally, in late 2024, Ruhani oversaw KIPAS efforts to purchase a UAV engine and other equipment, and Turanlu supervised ARIAPA personnel and oversaw a project requiring electronics. Between late 2024 and early 2025, KIPAS Logistics Manager Ehsan Mohaghegh Dolatabadi (Dolatabadi) oversaw the acquisition of components required to produce UAVs and shipments of UAV engines to Iran.
Abtahi, Ruhani, Turanlu, and Dolatabadi are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, for being owned, controlled, or directed by, or having acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, KIPAS.
Iran-based MADO Proliferation Finance network
OFAC is designating one individual and 11 entities involved in a procurement network supporting Iran-based Oje Parvas Mado Nafar Company (Mado). Mado produces UAV engines used in Iran's Shahed-131 and Shahed-136 UAVs. OFAC designated Mado pursuant to E.O. 13382 in October 2021 for having provided support to the IRGC.
China-based national Ma Jie (Ma) supports Mado's affairs in China, including making travel arrangements for visiting Mado employees and coordinating meetings between Iranian defense officials and their China-based suppliers. Ma holds leadership roles in multiple companies based in China and Hong Kong. Ma is the manager, executive director, and majority owner of China based Yiwu City Xianma Import and Export Co Ltd (Yiwu City Xianma), as well as the director and l00 percent owner of Hong Kong-based companies Qian Xi Long Trading Co Limited (Qian Xi Long) and Hin Yun Trading Company Limited (Hin Yun).
Ma is being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for having provided, or attempted to provide, financial, material, technological or other support for, or goods or services in support of, Mado. Yiwu City Xianma, Qian Xi Long and Hin Yun are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for being owned or controlled by, or acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, Ma.
Ma's Hong Kong-based companies Qian Xi Long and Hin Yun have been involved in facilitating millions of dollars in transactions. Qian Xi Long received hundreds of thousands of dollars of payments from Turkiye-based companies Arkedya Gida Tekstil Dis Ticaret Sanayi Limited Sirketi (Arkedya), Intro Oto Yedek Parca Ithalat Ihracat Ticaret ve Sanayi Limited Sirketi (Intro Oto), Own Ucar Gida Insaat Sanayi ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi (Own Ucar), and Royal Yapi lnsaat Emlak Gida ve Tekstil Urunleri Turizm Sanayi Dis Ticaret Limited Sirketi (Royal Yapi). In addition, Qian Xi Long sent Hong Kong-based Yiren Zhuang Trading Co Limited (Yiren) over $450,000 in exchange for aluminum alloy castings and spark plug caps.
Hin Yun received hundreds of thousands of dollars of payments from Turkiye-based companies Loris Turizm Organizasyon Ithalat ve Ihracat Limited Sirketi (Loris), Ozkam Nakliyat Petrol Ithalat lhracat Sanayi Ticaret Limited Sirketi (Ozkam), and Artas Gumrukleme Ithalat lhracat Sinir Ticareti Tekstil Gida ve Sanayi Ticaret Limited Sirketi (Artas).
Arkedya, Intro Oto, Own Ucar, Royal Yapi, and Yiren are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for having provided, or attempted to provide, financial, material, technological or other support for, or goods or services in support of, Qian Xi Long. Loris, Ozkam, and Artas are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for having provided, or attempted to provide, financial, material, technological or other support for, or goods and services in support of, Hin Yun.
Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company UAV procurement
OFAC is also targeting a procurement network supporting Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA), a state-owned subsidiary of MODAFL that produces Iran's military aircraft and Ababil-series UAVs. OFAC is concurrently updating HESA's Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (SDN List) entry to include its new alias, FTP Co.
Iran-based procurement agent Bahram Tabibi (Tabibi) has utilized his Ukraine-based front companies GK Imperativ Ukraina LLC (GK Imperativ) and Ekofera LLC (Ekofera) to procure and supply aerospace materials, including attitude indicators and magnetometers, for HESA. Iran-based Batoul Shafiei (Shafiei) actively participated in the scheme to supply parts to HESA, having facilitated GK Imperativ and Ekofera's receipt of payments from HESA, as well as Ekofera's shipments destined for HESA in Iran. Iran-based Saeed Pahlavani Nejad (Nejad) served as an intermediary between the Ukraine-based front companies and HESA, and facilitated sales of alternator components, engines, attitude indicators, sensors, and other equipment to HESA.
Tabibi, GK Imperativ, Ekofera, Shafiei, and Nejad are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13382 for having provided, or attempted to provide, financial, material, technological or other support for, or goods and services in support of, HESA.
SDN LIST ENTRY FOR SHUN KAI XING
OFAC is also updating the SDN List entry for the bulk carrier vessel previously known as SHUN KAI XING to reflect its new name, HONESTAR. The then-SHUN KAI XING was identified by OFAC on June 20, 2025 as property in which Unico Shipping Co Ltd, a person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13382, has an interest. At the time of its identification, the then-SHUN KAI XING was attempting to transport sensitive machinery for Iran's defense industry. The HONESTAR is currently stateless and attempting to carry false flags.
The HONESTAR's recent updates were likely orchestrated in an attempt to obfuscate their delivery of sensitive machinery to Iran--specifically, a computer numerical control (commonly referred to as CNC) machine used to produce fiber optic gyroscopes, guidance and control systems for weapons systems including ballistic missiles and UAVs.
SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONS
As a result of today's action, all property and interests in property of the designated or blocked persons described above that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. In addition, any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also blocked. Unless authorized by a general or specific license issued by OFAC, or exempt, OFAC's regulations generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of blocked persons.
Violations of U.S. sanctions may result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties on U.S. and foreign persons. OFAC may impose civil penalties for sanctions violations on a strict liability basis. OFAC's Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines provide more information regarding OFAC's enforcement of U.S. economic sanctions. In addition, financial institutions and other persons may risk exposure to sanctions for engaging in certain transactions or activities with designated or otherwise blocked persons.
Furthermore, engaging in certain transactions involving the persons designated today may risk the imposition of secondary sanctions on participating foreign financial institutions. OFAC can prohibit or impose strict conditions on opening or maintaining, in the United States, a correspondent account or a payable-through account of a foreign financial institution that knowingly conducts or facilitates any significant transaction on behalf of a person who is designated pursuant to the relevant authority.
The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC's ability to designate and add persons to the SDN List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law. The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior. For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, or to submit a request, please refer to OFAC's guidance on Filing a Petition for Removal from an OFAC List (https://ofac.treasury.gov/specially-designated-nationals-list-sdn-list/filing-a-petition-for-removal-from-an-ofac-list).
Click here for more information on the persons designated today (https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20251112).
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Original text here: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0313
Quad Cities Men Sentenced to Federal Prison in Violent RICO Conspiracy
DES MOINES, Iowa, Nov. 13 -- The office of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa posted the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025:* * *
Quad Cities Men Sentenced to Federal Prison in Violent RICO Conspiracy
DAVENPORT, Iowa - Two Quad Cities men were sentenced to federal prison for their roles in a racketeering conspiracy, which engaged in a years-long pattern of violence, including murder, attempted murder, and drug trafficking.
According to public court documents and evidence presented at trials and sentencings, the racketeering conspiracy involved Fifth Street gang members. ... Show Full Article DES MOINES, Iowa, Nov. 13 -- The office of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa posted the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025: * * * Quad Cities Men Sentenced to Federal Prison in Violent RICO Conspiracy DAVENPORT, Iowa - Two Quad Cities men were sentenced to federal prison for their roles in a racketeering conspiracy, which engaged in a years-long pattern of violence, including murder, attempted murder, and drug trafficking. According to public court documents and evidence presented at trials and sentencings, the racketeering conspiracy involved Fifth Street gang members.The Fifth Street Gang is also known as the "Arsenal Courts Posse," "Zone Fifth," "Fifth Street Mafia," "Rock Town Money Getters (RTMG)," and "Money Team." The Fifth Street gang operated as a criminal enterprise responsible for numerous acts of violence, including murder and attempted murder in the Davenport and Rock Island area. The criminal enterprise was connected to dozens of shooting investigations and at least seven homicides over the course of two decades.
SENTENCES
Rasheem Damonte Bogan, 34, was sentenced on October 9, 2025, to 27 years in federal prison for racketeering conspiracy and felon in possession of ammunition charges, followed by three years of supervised release. On June 1, 2020, Bogan and seven co-defendants went to Necker's Jewelers to commit a burglary. While there, the group encountered a man they mistakenly believed to be a rival gang member. Bogan and others fired 33 rounds from four firearms, seriously injuring the victim.
Kylea Dapri Cartwright, Jr., 29, was sentenced on November 6, 2025, to 30 years in federal prison for racketeering conspiracy and felon in possession of ammunition charges, followed by three years of supervised release. Cartwright was also ordered to pay $29,732.23 in restitution. Following a six-day jury trial, Cartwright was found guilty of racketeering conspiracy and possessing ammunition as a felon. Evidence at trial demonstrated that on July 5, 2020, Cartwright fired four rounds from a .40 caliber pistol toward a man on West Third Street in Davenport, resulting in the victim's death. Cartwright used the same pistol that another Fifth Street Gang member had fired during the Necker's Jewelers shooting a month earlier.
ADDITIONAL DEFENDANTS
In total, 14 defendants, including Bogan and Cartwright, were convicted of federal crimes related to the Fifth Street Gang's criminal conduct between April 2006 and February 2024. The 12 co-defendants were sentenced as follows:
* Don Christopher White, Jr. was sentenced to 480 months' imprisonment;
* Raheem Jacques Houston was sentenced to 360 months' imprisonment;
* Deaguise Ramont Hall was sentenced to 400 months' imprisonment;
* Brandon Deshane Branigan was sentenced to 226 months' imprisonment;
* Michael Linn Cross was sentenced to 216 months' imprisonment;
* Devell Carl Lewis was sentenced to 240 months' imprisonment;
* LaShawn D. James Hensley was sentenced to 144 months' imprisonment;
* Simmeon Terrell Hall was sentenced to 360 months' imprisonment;
* Ricky Lee Childs, Jr. was sentenced to 160 months' imprisonment;
* Timothy Justin Beaver was sentenced to 235 months' imprisonment;
* Devante Atwell French was sentenced to 360 months' imprisonment; and
* Cortez Deangelo Cooper, Jr. was sentenced to 162 months' imprisonment.
STATEMENTS
"This was a thorough and relentless investigation. Our officers stayed committed, and prosecutors were steadfast in seeking justice," said Davenport Police Chief Jeffery Bladel. "Gun violence will never be tolerated in our community. These dangerous individuals showed no regard for human life and are now being held accountable. I'm incredibly thankful for our investigators, officers, and partners at the U.S. Attorney's Office whose dedication has made our city safer. The message is clear: if you commit violent acts, you will be held accountable."
"This case represents years of tireless investigative work and close collaboration among federal, state, and local agencies to dismantle one of the most violent criminal organizations operating in the Quad Cities," said United States Attorney David C. Waterman for the Southern District of Iowa. "The sentences imposed send an unequivocal message: those who bring violence, guns, and drugs into our communities will be held fully accountable under federal law. And let me be clear--anyone who threatens or attempts to harm our law enforcement partners will face the full force of the federal government. Our office will continue to stand shoulder to shoulder with the men and women who safeguard our communities every day, working together to restore safety, stability, and peace to our neighborhoods."
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United States Attorney David C. Waterman of the Southern District of Iowa made the announcement. This case was investigated by the Davenport and Rock Island Police Departments, with assistance from the Scott County Sheriff's Office, Iowa Department of Criminal Investigations, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Drug Enforcement Administration.
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Original text here: https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdia/pr/quad-cities-men-sentenced-federal-prison-violent-rico-conspiracy
IDB, Brazil's Ministry of Environment, and BNDES Announce $500 Million Contribution to Climate Fund
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The Inter-American Development Bank issued the following news release:* * *
IDB, Brazil's Ministry of Environment, and BNDES Announce $500 Million Contribution to Climate Fund
BELEM, Brazil -- The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Brazilian Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, and the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) signed a letter of intent to enable a $500 million contribution from the IDB to Brazil's National Climate Change Fund (FNMC, its Portuguese acronym).
The goal is to deepen collaboration among the three institutions to develop a joint initiative ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The Inter-American Development Bank issued the following news release: * * * IDB, Brazil's Ministry of Environment, and BNDES Announce $500 Million Contribution to Climate Fund BELEM, Brazil -- The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Brazilian Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, and the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) signed a letter of intent to enable a $500 million contribution from the IDB to Brazil's National Climate Change Fund (FNMC, its Portuguese acronym). The goal is to deepen collaboration among the three institutions to develop a joint initiativefor financing projects through FNMC resources. Actions may include financial contributions from the IDB to the FNMC, strengthening the Fund's capacity to meet Brazil's growing demand for financing for sustainable development projects.
The signing ceremony took place during COP30 and was attended by IDB Group President Ilan Goldfajn; the executive secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Joao Paulo Capobianco; and BNDES President Aloizio Mercadante.
"We are strengthening the Climate Fund so that financing reaches those who need it in their daily lives - especially small and medium-sized enterprises and local projects. With greater scale, improved governance, and new partners, we will expand our impact," said Goldfajn.
"The Climate Fund fulfills exactly the objective it set out to achieve at the time of its creation: a financial mechanism to enable the ecological transformation that the country needs. The new contribution will strengthen actions to combat climate change in Brazil on several fronts, benefiting our entire population," said Capobianco.
"This agreement reinforces Brazil's commitment to ecological transition and addressing the climate emergency. By joining forces, the Brazilian government, BNDES, and the IDB will expand financing for sustainable projects, strengthening the Climate Fund as an important and strategic instrument for promoting sustainable development and positioning Brazil at the forefront of the global environmental agenda," said Mercadante.
Managed by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and implemented by BNDES, the FNMC provides financing for the development of resilient and sustainable projects, assessments, and initiatives.
This project must first undergo the review and approval process of each institution and Brazil'sMinistry of Planning and Budget. As the next step, the Ministry of Environment will submit the request to the External Financing Commission (Cofiex), a collegial body of the Ministry of Planning and Budget responsible for authorizing the preparation of projects with external resources guaranteed by the federal government.
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The IDB Group at COP30
The IDB Group is holding more than 80 events at COP30 to present solutions aimed at closing financing gaps for resilient development through partnerships, innovation, and a focus on measurable impact in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journalists present are invited to visit our spaces, with no registration required: the IDB Group Pavilion in the Blue Zone, the IDB Group Pavilion in the Green Zone, and the AMAZONIA SEMPRE Station at the Goeldi Museum. Follow our COP30 page for all news and event schedules.
The IDB Group is acting as a bridge - connecting governments and investors, the public and private sectors, people and communities - to mobilize at least $6 billion in announcements that help close financing gaps for resilient development and support national priorities.
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About the IDB
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), a member of the IDB Group, is devoted to improving lives across Latin America and the Caribbean. Founded in 1959, the Bank works with the region's public sector to design and enable impactful, innovative solutions for sustainable and inclusive development. Leveraging financing, technical expertise, and knowledge, it promotes growth and well-being in 26 countries. Visit our website: https://www.iadb.org/en.
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Original text here: https://www.iadb.org/en/news/idb-brazils-ministry-environment-and-bndes-announce-500-million-contribution-climate-fund
IDB Launches First Guarantee by a Multilateral Bank for Forest Restoration in the Amazon
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The Inter-American Development Bank issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025:* * *
IDB Launches First Guarantee by a Multilateral Bank for Forest Restoration in the Amazon
Part of the Amazonia Forever program, the guarantee reduces risk and enables large-scale participation by the private sector, promoting the restoration of nearly 10,000 hectares and the creation of 2,000 jobs
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BELEM, Brazil -- The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) today at COP30 announced the approval of the first guarantee for forest restoration in the Amazon by a multilateral development ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The Inter-American Development Bank issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025: * * * IDB Launches First Guarantee by a Multilateral Bank for Forest Restoration in the Amazon Part of the Amazonia Forever program, the guarantee reduces risk and enables large-scale participation by the private sector, promoting the restoration of nearly 10,000 hectares and the creation of 2,000 jobs * BELEM, Brazil -- The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) today at COP30 announced the approval of the first guarantee for forest restoration in the Amazon by a multilateral developmentbank, and also the first in Brazil. The instrument, valued at $15 million, will support the Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area in the State of Para.
With a 20-year term, the guarantee will back the Triunfo do Xingu Recovery Unit (URTX), a pioneering public-private partnership for forest-restoration concessions in Latin America and the Caribbean. The IDB guarantee increases financial security for private investment and acts as a catalyst for private-sector participation in the URTX concession, while improving conditions for accessing credit.
The operation was structured under Amazonia Forever, an IDB Group umbrella program that mobilizes investments for sustainable development in the Amazon region.
The announcement was attended by Brazil's Minister of Planning and Budget, Simone Tebet; the Governor of the State of Para, Helder Barbalho; the Director of Planning and Institutional Relations of the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), Nelson Barbosa; and the Director-General of the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB), Garo Batmanian.
"This is a concrete outcome of Amazonia Forever and a replicable model for other Amazonian countries, as well as for other biomes in Latin America and the Caribbean," said IDB Group President Ilan Goldfajn. "Creating conditions for large-scale, sustainable businesses is essential to protect the Amazon and foster development for its populations," he added.
"In addition to being innovative from an environmental standpoint, this operation also innovates in its financial structuring, which will help Brazilian states channel resources for development into environmental and social projects, addressing a historical challenge in structuring guarantees for public-private partnerships. This operation received approval from Brazil's External Financing Commission so that it can also count on a National Treasury guarantee," said Minister Tebet.
"The symbolism of taking the first step in Triunfo do Xingu is enormous - an area that has suffered pressure from livestock farming in recent decades, where the State has recovered the territory and initiated the first public concession for restoration in Brazil, with studies that show real economic viability," said Governor Barbalho.
The operation was approved by the IDB's Board of Executive Directors and will be submitted to the relevant Brazilian government bodies before implementation.
A Guarantee with Real Development Impacts
This operation sets a new milestone for mobilizing the private sector for forest restoration in the Amazon. The following results are expected during the concession period:
* 9,980 hectares of forests restored and conserved
* 3.7 million tons of CO2 sequestered
* $2.5 million invested in local communities
* 2,000 jobs created
* More than $46 million in investments
* Boost to the bioeconomy, local value chains, and social inclusion
Next Steps for Amazonia Forever
The Triunfo do Xingu model is part of a new phase in the IDB Group's expanding Amazonia Forever program.
The IDB is working with the government of the State of Para to include two new areas in the Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area and supports the government of the State of Rondonia in similar restoration and conservation projects.
At the federal level, in partnership with the federal government, BNDES, and SFB, the IDB supports projects covering more than 7.5 million hectares of forests in Federal Conservation Units. This network of forest public-private partnerships includes seven concessions in Federal Conservation Units for forest restoration and five federal concessions for sustainable forest management.
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The IDB Group at COP30
The IDB Group is holding more than 80 events at COP30 to present solutions aimed at closing financing gaps for resilient development through partnerships, innovation, and a focus on measurable impact in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journalists present are invited to visit our spaces, with no registration required: the IDB Group Pavilion in the Blue Zone, the IDB Group Pavilion in the Green Zone, and the AMAZONIA SEMPRE Station at the Goeldi Museum. Follow our COP30 page for all news and event schedules.
The IDB Group is acting as a bridge - connecting governments and investors, the public and private sectors, people and communities - to mobilize at least $6 billion in announcements that help close financing gaps for resilient development and support national priorities.
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About the IDB Group
The Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB Group) is the leading source of financing and knowledge for improving lives in Latin America and the Caribbean. It comprises the IDB, which works with the region's public sector and enables the private sector; IDB Invest, which directly supports private companies and projects; and IDB Lab, which spurs entrepreneurial innovation.
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Original text here: https://www.iadb.org/en/news/idb-launches-first-guarantee-multilateral-bank-forest-restoration-amazon
Energy Department Strengthens Puerto Rico's Energy Grid With Renewed Orders
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The U.S. Department of Energy issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025:* * *
Energy Department Strengthens Puerto Rico's Energy Grid with Renewed Orders
As the island continues to repair critical infrastructure and prepares for next summer's peak demand season, additional emergency orders are needed in order to strengthen Puerto Rico's electric grid.
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The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today renewed two emergency orders to further strengthen Puerto Rico's electric grid as the island prepares for rising demand and seasonal storm risks.
Building on previous ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, Nov. 13 -- The U.S. Department of Energy issued the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025: * * * Energy Department Strengthens Puerto Rico's Energy Grid with Renewed Orders As the island continues to repair critical infrastructure and prepares for next summer's peak demand season, additional emergency orders are needed in order to strengthen Puerto Rico's electric grid. * The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today renewed two emergency orders to further strengthen Puerto Rico's electric grid as the island prepares for rising demand and seasonal storm risks. Building on previousactions in May and August 2025, DOE's emergency orders authorize the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) to dispatch generation units essential for maintaining critical generation capacity, while accelerating vegetation management to reduce outages and strengthen long-term grid reliability.
"Modernizing Puerto Rico's energy grid is essential to achieving long-term reliability and affordability for the Commonwealth," said U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright. "Our team is working with local and federal partners to boost power generation and accelerate vegetation management efforts to strengthen Puerto Rico's electrical grid. The Trump Administration is fully committed to delivering affordable, reliable and secure energy to all Americans."
This year, DOE's emergency orders and actions assisted the Puerto Rican government in restoring up to 820 MW of baseload generation capacity in Puerto Rico, resulting in an approximate 13% increase to the island's systemwide generation capacity of 6,460 MW. With DOE funding, PREPA was able to bring a key unit back online after being inoperative for more than two years-strengthening Puerto Rico's grid.
These orders also address vegetation management issues near high-voltage lines. Falling tree limbs or brush falling during Puerto Rico's frequent storms and high winds can damage transmission lines, cause widespread outages and potentially cause wildfires. Addressing these hazards to public health and safety is critically important. Additional information can be found here (https://www.prfaa.pr.gov/recent-press-releases/government-of-puerto-rico-continues-increasing-puerto-ricos-power-generation-capacity).
"The Department of Energy's 202(c) emergency orders have provided concrete benefits for Puerto Rico, allowing us to restore 1,200 MW of baseload generation capacity over the past few months and access needed flexibilities to perform vegetation control activities along transmission lines to reduce the likelihood of outages. Maintaining these emergency protocols in place will ensure we can build on this and continue ongoing work to stabilize our electric power system," said Puerto Rico Governor Jenniffer Gonzalez-Colon. "I thank Secretary Wright for prioritizing and using all available tools and authorities at his disposal to help us comprehensively address the island's longstanding energy challenges. I look forward to continuing to partner with the Trump Administration as we advance grid rebuilding efforts and secure an affordable and reliable supply of energy for Puerto Rico."
The renewed emergency orders will take effect November 13, 2025, through February 10, 2026. DOE will continue working closely with Governor Gonzalez-Colon and local authorities to ensure Puerto Rico's 3.2 million Americans have access to a reliable and secure electric grid.
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Background:
On May 16, 2025, DOE issued two emergency orders to PREPA under Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act that allowed specific generation units to operate under certain conditions while directing vegetation management along key transmission lines. DOE issued a renewal of these orders on August 15, 2025.
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Original text here: https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-strengthens-puerto-ricos-energy-grid-renewed-orders
California Political Consultant and Former Public Official Charged With Conspiracy to Commit Fraud and Obstruct Justice, False Statements, and Tax Crimes
SACRAMENTO, California, Nov. 13 -- The office of the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of California posted the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025:* * *
California Political Consultant and Former Public Official Charged with Conspiracy to Commit Fraud and Obstruct Justice, False Statements, and Tax Crimes
Political consultant Dana Williamson, 53, of Carmichael, was charged by a federal grand jury with conspiracy to commit bank and wire fraud, bank fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy to defraud the United States and obstruct justice, subscribing to false tax returns, and making false statements, ... Show Full Article SACRAMENTO, California, Nov. 13 -- The office of the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of California posted the following news release on Nov. 12, 2025: * * * California Political Consultant and Former Public Official Charged with Conspiracy to Commit Fraud and Obstruct Justice, False Statements, and Tax Crimes Political consultant Dana Williamson, 53, of Carmichael, was charged by a federal grand jury with conspiracy to commit bank and wire fraud, bank fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy to defraud the United States and obstruct justice, subscribing to false tax returns, and making false statements,U.S. Attorney Eric Grant announced. The 23-count indictment was unsealed following Williamson's arrest this morning.
"This is a crucial step in an ongoing political corruption investigation that began more than three years ago," said U.S. Attorney Grant. "As it always has, the U.S. Attorney's Office will continue to work tirelessly with our law enforcement partners to protect the people of California from political corruption."
"Today's charges are the result of three years of relentless investigative work, in partnership with IRS Criminal Investigation and the U.S. Attorney's Office," said FBI Sacramento Special Agent in Charge Sid Patel. "The FBI will remain vigilant in its efforts to uncover fraud and corruption, ensuring our government systems are held to the highest standards."
"Disguising personal luxuries as business expenses--especially to claim improper tax deductions or to willfully file fraudulent tax returns is a serious criminal offense with severe consequences," said IRS Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI) Oakland Field Office Special Agent in Charge Linda Nguyen. "IRS-CI will pursue charges against those who deliberately exploit their business for personal enrichment."
According to court documents, between February 2022 and September 2024, Williamson conspired with others to divert approximately $225,000 in funds from a dormant political campaign to an associate's personal use. Collectively, they funneled the money through various business entities and disguised it as pay for what was, in reality, a no-show job.
The indictment also alleges that Williamson conspired with a business associate to create false, backdated contracts after receiving a civil subpoena in January 2024 from the U.S. Attorney's Office regarding Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans made to Williamson's business.
Williamson also subscribed to false tax returns claiming more than $1 million in business deductions for what were actually personal and nondeductible expenditures, such as private jet travel, luxury hotel stays, home furnishings, and designer handbags, as well as deductions for no-show jobs for friends and family.
When questioned by FBI agents in connection with ongoing investigations into the diversion of campaign funds, the backdated contracts, and allegations of public corruption, Williamson made false statements to the agents regarding each of those topics.
Williamson is scheduled to make her initial appearance on the charges at 2:00 p.m. in the U.S. Courthouse in Sacramento.
The United States concurrently unsealed charging documents related to this case for two other individuals charged by information.
This case is the product of a multiyear investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and IRS Criminal Investigation. Assistant U.S. Attorneys Michael D. Anderson, Rosanne Rust, and Katherine T. Lydon, and Public Integrity Section Trial Attorney Alexandre Dempsey are prosecuting the case.
If convicted, Williamson faces a maximum statutory penalty of 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine for each count of bank fraud, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit bank fraud and wire fraud; up to five years in prison and a $250,000 fine for each count of conspiracy to obstruct and making a false statements; and up to three years in prison and a $100,000 fine for each count of subscribing to a false tax return. Any sentence, however, would be determined at the discretion of the court after consideration of any applicable statutory factors and the federal Sentencing Guidelines, which take into account a number of variables. The charges are only allegations; the defendant is presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
View indictment here: williamson_indictment.pdf (https://www.justice.gov/usao-edca/media/1417121/dl?inline)
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Original text here: https://www.justice.gov/usao-edca/pr/california-political-consultant-and-former-public-official-charged-conspiracy-commit